超流发现的历史回溯 卡皮查获1978年诺贝尔奖的有关争议  

A Historical Retrospect of the Discovery of Superfluid Re-examining the controversy on Kapitza’s Nobel Prize 1978

作　　者：朱燕南 张志辉[2] ZHU Yannan;ZHANG Zhihui

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学微尺度物质科学国家研究中心科研办公室 [2]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2020年第2期101-113,共13页Science & Culture Review

摘　　要：1978年,苏联物理学家卡皮查因其在低温物理学的重要贡献而与美国两位发现宇宙微波背景辐射的科学家共享了诺贝尔物理学奖。其中,卡皮查的获奖理由是表彰他对"低温物理领域的基本发明和发现"。然而,近年来科学界出现了一种争议,认为卡皮查应该与另外两位加拿大籍科学家艾伦和米森纳共享诺贝尔奖,因为后两位与卡皮查同时发现了超流。从科学史的角度剖析卡皮查、艾伦和米森纳发现超流的主要论文和工作,并对卡皮查是否应该与艾伦等人分享诺贝尔奖进行讨论。In 1978,Kapitza from Soviet Union shared Nobel prize in Physics with another two American scientists who discovered cosmic microwave background radiation.The award-winning reason of Kapitza was"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics".However,in recent years,there has been a controversy in the science community that Kapitza should share his Prize with two other Canadian scientists,Allen and Misener,because they found superfluid at the same time as Kapitza.From the perspective of the history of science,this article analyzes the major papers and work on discovering superfluid of them and answers whether Kapitza should share the Nobel Prize with Allen and Misener.

关 键 词：卡皮查 艾伦 米森纳 超流 诺贝尔奖 优先权 

分 类 号：O4-19[理学—物理]