从东方文化视角看印度逻辑的特征  

On the Characteristics of Indian Logic from the Perspective of Oriental Culture

作　　者：任晓明 王刚 REN Xiao-ming;WANG Gang(Philosophy Department,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学哲学系,成都610065 [2]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2022年第6期8-14,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“印度正理派逻辑思想研究”(22A2X019)

摘　　要：印度逻辑具有不同于西方形式经典逻辑所不具有的多面性特质。亦即既有其非经典逻辑特质,又有非演绎逻辑特质:以耆那教的七值逻辑和新正理派的句义理论为代表的逻辑思想具有非经典逻辑特质,该特质类似于现代非经典逻辑中的商讨逻辑和认知逻辑。以正理派的五支论式和佛教因明的三支论式为代表的逻辑思想具有的非演绎特质,这是一种将演绎、归纳和印度逻辑特有的逻辑要素有机结合起来的特质。印度逻辑具有的多面性特质表明,只有跳出演绎与归纳截然二分的局限,从印度逻辑发展的自身特点出发,才有可能把握印度逻辑的基本特征或特质。Indian logic has the multifaceted characteristic,which is different from the Western classical formal logic.That is to say,it has both the characteristics of non-classical logic and non-deductive logic:the logic thoughts represented by seven-valued logic of Jaina and category theory of Navya-Nyya have the characteristics of non-classical logic,which are similar to the discussive logic and the logic of cognitions in modern non-classical logic.The logic thoughts represented by avayava of Nyya and three branches of Tibetan hetuvidya reasonings of Buddhism have the characteristics of non-deductive logic,which have organically combined deduction,induction and the unique logical elements of Indian logic.The multifaceted characteristic of Indian logic shows that it is possible to grasp the basic features of Indian logic only by jumping out of the limitation of the absolute dichotomy between deduction and induction and focussing on the characteristics of the development of Indian logic.

关 键 词：印度逻辑 论式 商讨逻辑 认知逻辑 

分 类 号：B81-093.51[哲学宗教—逻辑学]