进化揭露论证与近因/远因之分  

Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and the Proximate-Ultimate Distinction

作　　者：李胜辉[1] LI Sheng-hui(School of Philosophy and Public Management,Henan University,Kaifeng Henan 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2022年第5期33-38,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义社会发展理论的当代重大问题研究”(19ZDA020);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划(2023-CXTD-04)

摘　　要：进化揭露论证的主要内容是,道德信念起源的进化解释会揭露出道德事实与道德信念之间存在裂隙,道德信念是未得到辩护的。对它的一种回应是,生物学中存在着近因与远因的区分,道德信念起源的进化解释是远因层次上的解释,它并不妨碍道德事实与道德信念能够在近因层次上相互关联,道德信念可以由此得到辩护。然而,对于近因/远因之分的概念辨析表明,这一回应误用了近因/远因之分,并且它在逻辑上存在“窃取论题”的问题。The main content of evolutionary debunking arguments is that the evolutionary explanation of the origin of moral beliefs will debunk the gap between moral facts and moral beliefs,and moral beliefs have not been justified.One response to this argument is that there is a distinction between proximate causes and ultimate causes in biology,and the evolutionary explanation of the origin of moral beliefs is the explanation at the level of ultimate cause,which does not prevent moral facts and moral beliefs from being related to each other at the level of proximate cause,thus moral beliefs are justified.However,the concept discrimination of proximate-ultimate distinction shows that this response misuses this distinction,and it has the problem of“begging the question”logically.

关 键 词：道德实在论 进化揭露论证 近因 远因 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]