谶纬思想的“天意”和孟子思想的“仁义”:朝鲜正史《三国史记》的双层思想结构  

Between Heaven’s Will in Portentology and Mencian Idea of Benevolence and Righteousness:A Double Layers of Thoughts in the Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms, an Official Dynastic Record of Korean History

作　　者：佐藤将之[1] Masayuki Sato(Department of Philosophy,Taiwan University,Taibei 10617,China)

机构地区：[1]台湾大学哲学系,中国

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2022年第6期113-128,共16页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：依据观念史研究途径,关注思想多层结构的内容,试图阐明《三国史记》的政治思想特质。主要针对以下三个主题作探讨:《三国史记》的作者们(高丽史官和金富轼本人)通过何种概念和术语了解一个国家的政治;《三国史记》政治论述的两种主导思想,即谶纬思想和仁义思想;上述两种思想如何影响《三国史记》的文献构造及其阐述思想的方式。试图证实《三国史记》的论述内容是基于谶纬思想和仁义论的双层结构,而两种思想并存的事实可证实《三国史记》经过高丽王朝初期和金富轼时期这两阶段的编辑过程。金富轼在重新编纂现本《三国史记》之际,将原来以灾异等“天意”支配三国历史事件的因果关系,转换成以某一个国君或朝臣是否有(违)“仁义”的角度,以此重述历史事件的成败。“仁义”这个德目在此不但被看作高丽统治层最需要实现的政治(和伦理)理想,更提升为支配太古以来整段朝鲜历史的法则。This article,based upon the history of ideas approach,aims to elucidate several characteristics of thought appeared in The Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms(hereafter,HRTK)with close focus upon its argumentative styles in which various ideas and arguments constitute its multi-layers of thoughts.The discussion of this article is proceeded on the following the three sub-topics:(1)By what kind of concepts and terms did the authors(including scribers of Koryo Dynasty and Kim Bu-shik)of HRTK understand the states and politics during the Period of the Three Kingdoms?(2)What were the Portentology and Mencian ideas of benevolence and righteousness,which have become the two main backbones of the content of HRTK?And(3)How did these two thoughts influence the textual formation and argumentative structure in it?This article attempts to demonstrate that the arguments of HRTK are constructed upon the double structure of Portentology and Mencian ideas of benevolence and righteousness,and this kind of textual formation implies that the compilation of present text of HRTK has been made through two steps:the early Koryo Dyasty and that when Kim Bu-shik lived.When Kim Bu-shik recompiled HRTK,what he witnessed was the fact that the whole records and descriptions of the history of the three kingdoms have been fully penetrated by Portentology in which many historical events were believed to be controlled by the will of heaven with natural disasters and unusual phenomena.Kim Bu-shik has transformed such an argumentative frame work into another one in which the rise and fall of all the countries were decided by whether those rulers practiced the Mencian idea of benevolence and righteousness,or not.Here,the virtue of benevolence and righteousness were indeed not only one of the cardinal moral values for Korean intellectuals onward,but also were considered to be the rule that would dominate the Korean dynastic history from the past to the future.

关 键 词：《三国史记》 金富轼 孟子 仁义 高丽王朝 谶纬思想 朝鲜儒学 

分 类 号：K28[历史地理—历史学] B312[历史地理—中国史] B222.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]