语言与语言行为的整合结构及其心理化路径——心理生命与理论物理之二  

The Integrated Structure of Language and Language Behavior,and Its Psychological Path—Psychological Life and Theoretical Physics(Ⅱ)

作　　者：杨英锐 Yingrui Yang(Department of Cognitive Science,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy,New York 12180,USA)

机构地区：[1]美国伦斯勒理工学院认知科学系

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2022年第3期97-124,共28页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：本文旨在讨论语言和语言行为,并遵循三条脉络。第一条脉络是布尔巴基学派结构主义,其中引入了语言,特别是科学语言中的句法/语义双腿结构,涵盖了逻辑学、决策论、博弈论、集合论和规范场论;介绍了哥德尔和塔斯基双子定理中创造的各种精细形式结构和元数学结构。在对语言游戏的考察中,引入了规范场论等八种不同的数学结构。对本文所涉及的数学结构和物理学模型,都做了详细的说明,以提高可读性。第二条脉络是应用理论物理对语言和语言行为模型化。其一,我们发现了语言的全局性和语言行为的局域性,从而建立了两者统一的规范场论模型。其二,在假设语言无内容性的条件下,我们对语言和语言行为分别做了几何锥化处理,从而建立了语言与语言行为的狭义相对论模型。其三,发现了语言行为的非对易关系,语言游戏的波函数本质,以及对语言行为公共观测的狄拉克结构。在此基础上,引入了语言和语言行为的量子化模型。其四,引入了语言优势的概念作为稀缺资源,关注了语言社会的不平等现象,从而将语言社会做了弯曲化处理。在语言游戏中引入竞争机制和帕累托效率,进而定义了弯曲语言社会的曲率和引力。于是,引入黎曼几何中的局域标架与联络成为题中应有之义。这是语言社会的广义相对论模型。第三条脉络是维特根斯坦语言哲学的变迁与发展。首先,注意到了早期维特根斯坦对语言,尤其是形式语言规则化的追随与训练。其次,还注意了中期维特根斯坦的挣扎与求索。从形式语言的哥德尔不完性定理出发,悟到了语言游戏的规则不完全性原理,从语言行为提炼出语言游戏的概念。进而,注意到了后期维特根斯坦对主观确定性的回归,及其对语言游戏规则化的追求与信仰。最后,在语言游戏和生活形式的概念转换之间,维特根斯坦在其This article discusses language and language behavior.It follows three threads.The first vein we follow is the Structuralism of Bourbaki School.In this we introduce the syntactic/semantic two-legged structures in language,especially scientific language,covering logic,decision theory,game theory,set theory and gauge field theory.We introduce the various fine formal structures and meta-mathematical structures created by Gödel and Tarski theorems.In the investigation of language games,we introduce the cone structure and the proper cone structure of language games,the algebraic structure of non-commutative relations,the gauge structure of algebraic space,the wave function and Dirac function structure,the local frame structure of Riemann geometry,and the fiber bundle structure of gauge transformation.Of particular importance is the two-level,two-stage,four-lattice structure of gauge field theory.The second context is the application of theoretical physics to the modeling of language and language behavior.First,we find the global nature of language and the local nature of language behavior,and thus establish a unified gauge field theoretic model for both.Second,on the assumption that language can be treated as contentless,we constructed geometric cones of language and language behavior respectively,thus establishing the special relativity model of language and language behavior.Third,we discovered the non-commutative relation of language behavior,the nature of wave function of language game,and the Dirac structure of common observations of language behavior.On this basis,we introduce the quantization model of language and language behavior.Fourth,it introduces the concept of language advantage as a scarce resource and pays attention to the inequality of language society,thus bending the language society.By introducing competition and Pareto efficiency into language games,the curvature and gravity of a curved language society are defined.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce local frame and connection in Riemann geome

关 键 词：布尔巴基学派结构主义 心理语言期 语言游戏 数学结构 物理模型 哥德尔 塔斯基 维特根斯坦 规范场论 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]