德国学生托管制度的规范重点、特征及其启示  

The Normative Emphasis,Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Student Care System in Germany

作　　者：余雅风 褚天 Yu Yafeng;Chu Tian

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育基本理论研究院

出　　处：《中国教育法制评论》2022年第2期176-187,共12页Chinese Educational Law Review

基　　金：2021年北京市社科基金项目规划重点项目“北京市人工智能在教育领域应用的法律规范研究”(21JYA002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：德国出台了《小学学龄儿童全天支持法案》,在全国范围内逐步推行学生托管服务,由各联邦州、市政当局组织日托机构为小学生提供放学后和假期托管服务,服务内容与方式丰富多样,资金由各级政府和家庭共同承担。通过立法,德国确认了小学生获得课后托管服务的权利,主要依托多元化的日托机构来促进学生的个性化发展,政府承担主要管理职责并投入经费,有效促进了教育、经济和社会发展的整体转型。我国应直面课后服务中的现实问题,借鉴德国经验,进一步明确政府主导、学校具体组织管理的职责,由教师和校外人员共同组成的专门师资队伍来为小学生提供分层可选择的课后服务,并形成地方政府为主、家长合理承担的成本分担机制。Germany has introduced the“All-day Support for Elementary School-aged Children Act”,to gradually implement student care services nationwide.The federal states and municipalities organized day care institutions to provide after school and vacation custody for primary school students.The service content and methods are rich and diverse,and the funds are jointly borne by governments at all levels and families.Through legislation,Germany has confirmed the right of primary school students to after-school care,relying mainly on diversifed day-care institutions to promote the individual development of pupils,with the government assuming the main management responsibility and funding,effectively responding to and promoting the overall transformation of education,economic and social development.China should face up to the practical problems in after-school services,draw on the German experience,and further clarify the responsibilities of government-led,school-based organisation and management,with a specialized teaching team of teachers and out-of-school staff to provide tiered,optional after-school services for primary school students,and form a cost-sharing mechanism with local governments taking the lead and parents bearing a reasonable share.

关 键 词：德国 学生托管制度 学校课后服务 

分 类 号：G629.516[文化科学—教育学] D951.6[政治法律—法学] D912.1