康德“神学”与“宗教”辨正——以《学科之争》为中心  

On Kant’s Theology and Religion

作　　者：马彪[1,2,3] MA Biao

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学 [2]华东师范大学 [3]耶拿大学

出　　处：《基督宗教研究》2022年第1期162-179,共18页Study of Christianity

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“康德批判哲学的宗教之维研究”(20FZXB028)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为批判哲学体系的重要组成部分,从本质上看,康德的“宗教”学说与其作品中所呈现出来的“神学”思想并不完全一致。准确而言,与“神学”这一高等学科相应的是“哲学”学科,两者在学科体系中的地位、运思方式等方面彼此映照、特征鲜明。“宗教”不与它们中的任何一个对应,相反,它是“哲学”与“神学”的综合:既兼具了前者的理性、自由的思维特征,又汇通了后者的启示、信仰的特质。换句话说,“宗教”是“神学”和“哲学”之对话或商榷的动态统一。基于康德“宗教”和“神学”之关系的这一理解,比对当前学者关于康德之宗教建构思想的探究,人们不惟能够辨识其优劣短长,更能在这一辨识的基础上推进与此相关的深层研究。Kant’s theory of“religion”is an important component of his whole thought system.In essence,it is not completely consistent with the concept of“theology”presented in Kant’s works.To be exact,the subject of philosophy is juxtaposed to theology,even though there are great differences in their position and mode of thinking.It is well-known that religion does not correspond to any of them,rather it is a combination of the rational and free thinking characteristics in philosophy and the revelation and belief characteristics in theology.In other words,religion is the dynamic unity of the dialogue or discussion between theology and philosophy.Based on Kant’s understanding of“religion”and“theology”,people can not only identify its advantages and disadvantages on contemporary Kant’s religious study,but also deepen research on it in the future.

关 键 词：康德 神学 哲学 宗教 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B91