宗座无误论的宪制基础及孔汉思的批评  

The Constitutional Foundation and Hans Küng’s Criticism of Pontifical Infallibility

作　　者：孙怀亮 SUN Huailiang

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学法学院

出　　处：《基督宗教研究》2022年第1期88-102,共15页Study of Christianity

摘　　要：罗马宗座是绝对性质的机关权,而另外一个普世教会最高权威,即世界主教团,则并非常设权力机关,也不审批普世教会的财政预算,与国家议会的功能存在根本性差异。因而,教会训导权的无误性只能由罗马宗座去体现,其为宪制上的必然性所致。相反,孔汉思对宗座无误论信条以及其神学基础教会无误论提出了批评。同时,孔汉思也对与此紧密相关的教宗制度提出了批评,并呼吁教宗应由神职人员和平信徒共同选举产生。孔汉思的学说影响十分巨大,教廷信理部对其学说进行了两次公开谴责,认为其某些神学理论与教会基本教义相冲突。但孔汉思与路德、加尔文等宗教改革家有本质的不同,其明确反对另立教会,而主张在体制内进行改革,故总体上属于教会内的反对派。从个人角度说,受到教廷谴责的神学家是不幸的,但孔汉思在某种程度又是幸运的,因为其生活在一个有别于中世纪的法治化时代,其所有神学研究和出版均受《德国宪法》和《欧洲人权公约》等一系列法律的保障。The Roman Pontiff is an absolute ecclesiastical organ.The other supreme ecclesiastical authority,the College of Bishops,is not a permanent ecclesiastical organ,without power to decide and approve the financial budget,radically different to the parliament in function.Therefore,the teaching infallibility of the Church is to be realized by the Roman Pontiff alone,which is created by the constitutional necessity.On the contrary,Hans Küng criticized the dogma of the Infallibility of Roman Pontiff,as well as its theological background of the Infallibility of the Church.At the same time,Hans Küng also criticized the Papacy,which is connected closely with it,and appealed to collect Pope by the priests and laymen collegially.The doctrines of Hans Küng,with a tremendous influence,are condemned two times by the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,which holds his doctrines conflict with fundamental doctrines.Essentially alien to Martin Luther and Jean Calvin is Hans Küng,who opposed explicitly to construct another Church,but proposed to reform in the present ecclesiastical system,and who could be categorized as a dissent within the Church.As an individual theologian,it is unfortunate to be condemned by Roman Curia,but Hans Küng is fortunate in some sense,for he lived in a time of rule of law which is quite different from the Middle Ages,under which all of his theological studies and his publications are protected by a series of laws,for example,German Constitution and The European Convention on Human Rights,etc.

关 键 词：孔汉思 宗座无误论 教会无误论 教会法 

分 类 号：B978[哲学宗教—宗教学]