中国式可期待财产的控制:预查封的效力分析  

The Chinese Model for the Control of Future Acquired Property:Effectiveness Analysis of the Seizure in Advance

作　　者：庄诗岳 ZHUANG Shi-yue(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《河北法学》2023年第6期124-140,共17页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“国际商事调解协议的可执行性研究”(22SFB4016)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：预查封与正式查封均是旨在将特定财产置于执行法院控制之下的控制性执行措施,二者基于控制财产的目的具有共通性的效力。但因预查封的标的是案外人的财产,故预查封还具有禁止案外人处分预查封标的和不禁止案外人提出抗辩事由的特别效力。于不动产物权期待权缺位的背景下,符合《执行异议复议规定》第28条规定的条件时,预查封禁止案外人处分预查封标的的效力,可以有效规避案外人再次处分预查封标的的风险,预查封也因而具有独立于对被执行人享有的物之交付或移转请求权执行的方法的程序价值,未来的《民事强制执行法》或《不动产登记法》应当继续保留预查封制度。虽然预查封不禁止案外人提出抗辩事由,但因按揭商品房出卖人并不享有约定或法定解除权,故其不得以承担了阶段性连带保证责任为由于预查封期间解除买卖合同。The purpose of the seizure in advance and the official seizure is to put a specific property under the control of the enforcement court.The seizure in advance and the official seizure are both controlling enforcement measures,and they have the common legal effect based on the nature of the controlled property.However,because the subject matter of the seizure in advance is the property of the outsider,the seizure in advance has the effect of prohibiting the outsider from disposing of the subject matter of the seizure in advance,and has the effect of not prohibiting the outsider from making a defense.In the absence of the expectation right of real estate,when the conditions stipulated in Article 28 of the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Handling of Enforcement Opposition and Reconsideration Cases by People's Courts are met,the effect of prohibiting the outsider from disposing of the subject matter of the seizure in advance can effectively avoid the risk of the outsider to dispose of the subject matter of the seizure in advance again,and therefore the seizure in advance has the procedural value independent of the method of enforcing the right of delivery or transfer of property enjoyed by the person subjected to enforcement.In the future,the Civil Enforcement Law or the Real Estate Registration Law shall continue to retain the seizure in advance.Although the seizure in advance does not prohibit an outsider from filing a defense,the seller of the mortgage commercial house does not have the right to terminate by agreement or by law.Therefore,the seller cannot remove the sales contract on the grounds of assuming the guarantee responsibility.

关 键 词：预查封 正式查封 法律效力 合同解除 债权形式主义 

分 类 号：DF718[政治法律—诉讼法学]