小开河引黄灌区沉沙池生态修复的实践与评价  

Practice and evaluation of ecological restoration of sand basin in Xiaokaihe Yellow River irrigation area

作　　者：张宝军 由国栋 王惠敏 张惠萍 刘镇 ZHANG Bao-jun;YOU Guo-dong;WANG Hui-min;ZHANG Hui-ping;LIU Zhen(Binzhou Yellow River Irrigation Service Center,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市引黄灌溉服务中心,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2021年第S02期156-159,317,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省省级水利科研及技术推广项目(SDSLKY201315)

摘　　要：为解决黄河下游引黄灌区沉沙池多年泥沙清淤而导致的周边环境生态脆弱、生态敏感度强的问题,近年来小开河引黄灌区对沉沙池实施了以生态恢复为目的的沉沙池生态修复工程。采取分类区划、分别治理的方法,采用建设弃土区网格防护林、废弃弃土区水土保持林、沉沙池内湿地生态带等技术修复生态,应用生物多样性、生态指标评价、土壤质地评价等方法进行评价。结果表明,①生物多样性提高,现有鸟类45中、各种植物378种;②生态良好指标提高,水域保护率100%、森林覆盖率21.40%、水土保持率90.00%、自然保护地面积比例18.19%;③改善了土壤质地,弃土区和废弃弃土区治理后与裸地相比在0~40 cm土层土壤容重均值分别减少22%和15%。研究结果为黄河下游引黄灌区沉沙池的治理和生态修复提供了新思路,为引黄灌区弃沙区治理和促进黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供有益借鉴。In order to solve the problem of ecologically fragile and strong ecological sensitivity in the surrounding environment,that caused by years of sediment dredging in the settling basin in the irrigation area of the Lower Yellow River.In recent years,the Xiaokai river irrigation area has implemented ecological restoration of the settling basin for the purpose of the ecological restoration project of the sand basin.The method of classified zoning and separate management in the settling basin area was adopted to construct the spoil ar⁃ea grid protection forest,the abandoned spoil area water and soil conservation forest,the wetland ecological zone in the settling basin,and the application of biodiversity and ecology good index evaluation,soil texture evaluation and other methods have a great impact on the ecology of settling basins.The result showed,①biodiversity had increased,there were 45 species of birds and 378 species of vari⁃ous plants in the sand settling pond and nearby wetland parks in the irrigation area.②Good ecological indicators had been improved,with a water area protection rate of 100%and a forest coverage rate of 21.40%.The soil and water conservation rate was 90.00%,and the proportion of natural protected land area was 18.19%.③The soil texture was improved,and the average soil bulk density of the 0-40 cm soil layer is reduced by 22%and 15%in the spoil area and the abandoned spoil area after treatment compared with the bare land.The research results provided a new idea for the management and ecological restoration of sediment basins in the Yellow River ir⁃rigation area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and provided a useful reference for the management of abandoned sand areas in the Yellow River irrigation area and promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：生态修复 沉沙池 引黄灌区 小开河 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]