20世纪30年代英国对华毒品政策——基于国联鸦片顾问委员会档案资料的研究  

The British Drug Policies Towards China in 1930s:A Research Based on the Archives of Advisory Committee

作　　者：钱锋[1] 钟绍山 Qian Feng;Zhong Shaoshan(Advanced Research Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences,Chonqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会高等研究院史学中心,重庆400044

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期74-85,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：英国通过鸦片贸易叩开中国市场的大门,清末鸦片贩卖失势,英国遂宣称终止鸦片运华。1921年国联鸦片顾问委员会正式组建,负责召开国际会议以协调各国鸦片生产与流通。然而,南京国民政府成立后鸦片毒品问题依旧严重,远东地区毒品泛滥的态势在历次会议上受到高度关注。20世纪30年代英国对华毒品政策以“消极、牟利”为本质,具体表现为在华租界当局拒绝与中国政府交涉合作,同时纵容其国民及租界内不法分子从事毒品犯罪,英国代表在鸦片顾问委员会会议上袒护日本,相互勾结以混淆视听。英国持此态度,一方面是受经济危机影响,试图凭借自身在长江航运上的优势寻求毒品贸易带来的巨大利润;另一方面也与之在日本扩张问题上采取的绥靖主义政策相呼应。近代中国风起云涌的民族主义运动迫使英国不断调整对华政策。20世纪30年代的英国对华毒品政策是帝国主义试图在远东维持殖民势力的缩影,反映出当时中国严重的外交困境和民族危机。Britain opened Chinese market with opium trade.In the late Qing Dynasty,opium trade declined and then was terminated by Britain.In 1921,The Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs was set up,which was responsible for organizing conferences to coordinate the international production and circulation of opium.Nevertheless,after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the opium problem was still serious,and the situation of drug trade in the Far East has been highly concerned at conferences.In the 1930 s,the British drug policy towards China was“negative and profit-making”in essence.Its concession authority in China refused to negotiate or cooperate with Chinese government.Drug crime was committed with the connivance of the authority.At the conferences,the British representatives were partial to Japan and trying to obfuscate the issues.The attitude of Britain was,on one hand,resulted from the economic crisis and the huge profits it was seeking from drug trade.On the other hand,it was a response to its appeasement policy on the issue of Japanese expansion.In addition,the turbulent nationalist movements in modern China forced Britain to adjust its policies towards China.

关 键 词：毒品政策 中英关系 鸦片贸易 南京国民政府 国联鸦片顾问委员会 

分 类 号：K561.45[历史地理—历史学] K26[历史地理—世界史] D829.561[政治法律—政治学]