权力结构是性骚扰行为的必要不充分条件吗?  

Is the Power Structure a Certainly Need Insufficiency Condition for Sexual Harassment?

作　　者：段知壮 Duan Zhizhuang

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学行知学院

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2022年第2期244-257,共14页Xiamen University Law Review

摘　　要：相较于美国将性骚扰建立在性别歧视基础上而言,我国的性骚扰立法更倾向于欧洲将性骚扰规制归结于人格尊严保障的模式,但这并不意味着我国的性骚扰立法没有关注到特定权力结构之于性骚扰认定的重要性。也正因为如此,我国反性骚扰立法摆脱了作为必要条件的权力结构或者说性别歧视问题,从而具有更强的针对性和可适应性。但其代价是缩小了性骚扰规范的适用范围,比如美国法律语境中的敌意环境性骚扰就难以被有效规制。简而言之,在我国的性骚扰立法当中,权力结构并没有改变性骚扰的本质,其只是会对性骚扰的司法认定标准以及法律责任承担产生具体的影响,如《民法典》中增设的单位责任便是对性骚扰背后权力结构问题的正面回应。Compared with the United States,which bases sexual harassment on gender discrimination,China's sexual harassment legislation is more inclined to attribute the regulation of sexual harassment to the protection of human dignity in Europe,but this does not mean that China's sexual harassment legislation does not pay attention to the importance of specific power structure in the identification of sexual harassment.For this reason,China's sexual harassment legislation gets rid of the power structure or gender discrimination as a necessary condition,so it has stronger pertinence and adaptability.However,the cost is to narrow the scope of application of sexual harassment norms.For example,in the context of American law,sexual harassment in the hostile environment is diffi-cult to be effectively regulated.In short,the power structure does not change the essence of sexual harassment,but will have a specific impact on the judicial recognition standard and legal responsibility of sexual harassment,the unit responsibility added in the civil code is a positive response to the power structure behind sexual harassment.

关 键 词：性骚扰 权力结构 单位责任 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D914D923