齐泽克关于意识形态虚幻性的视差之见:一种“无立场”的立场审视  

Zizek’s Parallax View of Ideological Illusion:A Position Review of"Non-standpoint"

作　　者：戴圣鹏 王娜 DAI Sheng-peng;WANG Na

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]东华理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2022年第2期271-284,共14页Contemporary Marxism Review

摘　　要：齐泽克以哲学思辨、精神分析的方法对意识形态的虚幻性进行了深刻的形式解读,凭其独有的“视差之见”探寻为何意识形态与社会现实之间会存在“过度性”的疏离。得出的结论是:符号是意识与实在界沟通的中介,只有完全委身于符号界,意识形态才能保持自身存在;而符号指向普遍性,普遍性必然使意识形态在面向实在界时具有“过度”色彩的把握“图式”,意识形态的虚幻性便源于这种“过度”图式。齐泽克虽独辟蹊径地揭示了意识之所以具有能动性的形式原因,然无论在方法还是结论上都与马克思的唯物史观相去甚远。齐泽克专注于研究意识的运作机制,这使其学说具有一种“无立场”的普遍性,但他在根本上仍然属于马克思所说的“意识形态家”。Zizek has made a profound interpretation of the illusory nature of ideology by philosophical speculation and psychoanalysis,and has explored why there is"excessive"alienation between ideology and social reality with his unique parallax view.The conclusion is that symbols are the intermediary between consciousness and reality.Only when they are completely committed to the symbolic world can ideology maintain its existence,while symbols point to universality.Universality must provide ideology with"excessive"color to grasp"schema"when facing the real world.Although Zizek reveals the formal reasons for the initiative of consciousness,his thought is far from Marx’s historical materialism in terms of method and conclusion.Focusing on the study of the operating mechanism of consciousness will make his theory have a universality of"non-standpoint",but fundamentally,he still belongs to what Marx called"Ideologist".

关 键 词：意识形态 虚幻性 普遍性 审视 唯物史观 

分 类 号：B555.4[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B03