阿尔都塞视域中的马克思主义理论危机及其理论改造  

The crisis of Marxist theory and its theoretical transformation from the perspective of Althusser

作　　者：唐瑭[1] TANG Tang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2022年第2期143-161,共19页Contemporary Marxism Review

基　　金：教育部社科青年项目《政治哲学视野下的<资本论>及其手稿研究》(项目批准号:17YJC720024)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在马克思主义的“危机”中理解理论实践的困境,是阿尔都塞理论改造的主要动因,同时也影响了阿尔都塞晚年的马克思主义观。从历史哲学到历史科学,从“辩证唯物主义”到“偶然唯物主义”,阿尔都塞试图解决马克思主义理论中一般与个别的难题。他借助斯宾诺莎的“第三种知识”重释了一般与个别的关系。通过这样的理论改造,阿尔都塞希望能解决马克思主义的理论危机,为欧洲共产主义运动提供理论实践的方案。阿尔都塞的理论改造是对其早年理论主义矫枉过正的结果,它改变了马克思主义理论具体化的路径,对国外马克思主义的研究产生了一定的影响。Understanding the dilemma of theory and practice in the"crisis"of Marxism is the main motivation of Althusser’s theoretical transformation,and it affects Althusser’s view of Marxism in his later years.From historical philosophy to historical science,from"dialectical materialism"to“accidental materialism”,Althusser tries to solve the general and individual problems in Marxist theory.With the help of Spinoza’s"third knowledge",he reinterprets the relationship between general and individual.Through such theoretical transformation,Althusser hopes to solve the theoretical crisis of Marxism and provide theoretical and practical solutions for the European communist movement.Althusser’s theoretical transformation is the result of overcorrecting his early theorists.It has changed the path of the concretization of Marxist theory and has a certain impact on the research of Marxism abroad.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 历史科学 偶然唯物主义 斯宾诺莎 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]