青年卢卡奇对资产阶级生活方式的文化批判——基于伦理的视角  

Youth Lukács’ Cultural Criticism of the Bourgeois Way of Life——From the Perspective of Ethics

作　　者：刘际东 LIU Ji-dong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2020年第2期138-157,共20页Contemporary Marxism Review

摘　　要：青年卢卡奇认为资产阶级是一种文化形态,塑造了"把伦理置于首位"的生活方式。这体现在资产阶级用基于人类理性力量的伦理准则规范"心灵"范畴、认为日常生活具有"神圣"性质,以及他们的生活方式充满"牺牲"精神。受到伦理准则的"量化"、现时代日常生活的商业化、"牺牲"变成"禁欲主义式的否定"等因素的影响,资产阶级文化形态及其塑造的生活方式陷入了伦理危机。对此卢卡奇试图以严肃艺术家为例,实践一条基于"孤独心灵"的道路以重塑伦理生活。但这条道路最终无法克服现时代的伦理危机,并陷入无法确证他者之现实性与自我之真诚性的现实困境。卢卡奇因此彻底否定现代资产阶级的文化形态及作为其核心的"责任原则"。这是卢卡奇早期思想发展中的重要环节,标志着他毕生寻求一种新文化形态的正式开始。The young Lukács believed that the bourgeoisie was a cultural form which shaped the lifestyle that puts ethics primarily.This is reflected in the bourgeoisie’s use of ethical norms based on human rational power to regulate the category of"Soul",the belief that everyday life has a holy nature,and that their lifestyle is full of"sacrifice"awareness.Influenced by factors such as"quantization"of ethical standards,commercialization of everyday life in the current period,and"sacrifice"becoming"ascetic negation",the bourgeois cultural form and the lifestyle it shapes fall into ethical crisis.In this regard,Lukacs tried to take serious artists as an example and practice a path based on"lonely Soul"to reshape ethical life.But this path cannot finally overcome the ethical crisis of the current period,and falls into a practical dilemma that cannot confirm the reality of the Other and the sincerity of the self.Lukacs completely rejected the modern bourgeois cultural form and the"principle of duty"as its core.This was an important phase in Lukacs’early thought development,marking the official beginning of his lifelong search for a new cultural form.

关 键 词：青年卢卡奇 资产阶级生活方式 伦理 伦理危机 孤独心灵 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]