当代社会正义理论的形态与模型  

The Model of Modern Theory of Social Justice

作　　者：王进 Wang Jin

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院 [2]西北政法大学医药卫生法律与政策研究中心

出　　处：《朝阳法律评论》2020年第1期95-114,共20页Chaoyang Law Review

基　　金：陕西高校青年创新团队“马克思主义法哲学”研究项目资助

摘　　要：社会正义问题一直以来是政治哲学和法理学研究的核心问题之一。当代社会正义理论也呈现出多样化的样态。在这些理论中,极端自由主义正义理论、社群主义正义理论、作为公平的正义理论以及实践性正义观所带来的讨论和影响较大,同时也体现出不同的政治实践倾向和理论完整程度。前三种类型的理论共同分享了一种可以被称之为"建构主义"的理论路径。同时,也代表了不同的政治理想与类型。诺奇克回归了古典自由主义的传统,而罗尔斯对公平价值的偏向则与诺奇克的理论形成了张力。社群主义则与自由主义传统保持了一定的距离,并基于社群区分而建立了各种正义原则。本文主要对这三种社会正义理论进行结构分析,初步阐明其形态与推理。在面临实践性正义观的批评和挑战时,这种对理论对手的回顾是值得和有意义的。更为重要的是,这些理论将对我们理解复杂和多样的社会现实提供极有价值的思路和灵感。The issue of social justice has always been one of the core issues in the study of political philosophy and jurisprudence;and diversified patterns have also been presented in contemporary social justice theories.Among these theories,the discussion and influence brought about by the ultra—liberal justice theory,the communitarian justice theory,the justice as fairness and the practical justice concept are greater,meanwhile,different political practice tendencies and theoretical integrity levels are also reflected.The first three types of theories share a theoretical approach that can be called“constructivism”,and at the same time,they represent different political ideals and types.Robert Nozick returns to the tradition of classical liberalism,and John Rawls’bias towards fair value forms tension with Robert Nozick’s theory.Communitarianism keeps a certain distance from the liberal tradition,and various justice principles are established based on the distinction of communities.In this paper,the above three social justice theories are structurally analyzed,and their forms and reasoning are preliminarily clarified.In the face of criticism and challenges from the practical justice concept,this review of theoretical opponents is worthwhile and meaningful.More importantly,these theories will provide us with valuable ideas and inspirations to understand the complex and diverse social reality.

关 键 词：社会正义 公平 正义论 正义原则 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论] D0[政治法律—法学]