“返其旧心,具了解之同情”——《毛诗序》美刺说新解  

“Return to the Historical Context”:A New Interpretation of“Praise-Sarcasms”by Mao Shi Xu

作　　者：曹顺庆 刘诗诗 Cao Shunqing;Liu Shishi

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2022年第1期117-133,共17页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“东方古代文艺理论重要范畴、话语体系研究与资料整理”(19ZDA289)阶段性成果

摘　　要：《诗序》之说,乃古今说经家第一争诟之端。汉儒诸家解《诗》,以四家为主,鲁、齐、韩三家立为官学,后渐失传至亡佚,《毛诗》存留至今。《毛诗》解诗以“美刺”显志,此是公论,然缘何以“美刺”解诗却聚讼纷纷而未有定论。今人或有“汉王朝政治教化”之言,或有“汉代经学家积极‘入世’的政治企图”之说等。本文从《毛诗序》“美刺说”背后所蕴含的“书史引古,以史解诗”诗史观、“赓续诗教,宗周归正”诗教观、“河间儒学,志存天下”诗志观体察《毛诗序》缘何以“美刺”解《诗》。How to understand Mao Shi Xu is the topic most concerned by scholars who have studied The Book of Songs in history.In the Han Dynasty,there were four main kinds of thoughts focused on understanding The Book of Songs.Three of them including Lu,Qi,and Han,were officially supported,but the books that recorded their thoughts gradually disappeared.Only the Mao Shi has survived,which is famous for the critical view of“praise-sarcasms”.Everyone knows this,but no one has explored the reason.Some people say that it is the reason for“the political indoctrination of the Han Dynasty”,or“the political attempt of scholars in Han Dynasty to join the politics”.This paper found that the“historical elements”,“educational elements”and“aspirational elements”contained in the Mao Shi Xu can explain why it used the“praise-sarcasms”view to interpret The Book of Songs in that historical context.

关 键 词：《毛诗序》 美刺说 诗史观 诗教观 诗志观 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]