宁夏回族自治区农村成人盲及低视力流行病学调查  

Prevalence of Blindness and Low Vision among Adults in Ningxia

作　　者：张金金[1] 陈琳 田恬 刘海军 牛伟 张雪[1] 季梦莉 庄文娟[1] Jinjin Zhang;Lin Chen;Tian Tian;Haijun Liu;Wei Niu;Xue Zhang;Mengli Ji;Wenjuan Zhuang(Ningxia Eye Hospital,People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区人民医院、宁夏眼科医院,银川750002

出　　处：《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》2023年第10期733-738,共6页Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82060182);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03450)

摘　　要：目的:调查宁夏回族自治区成人人群中盲及低视力患病情况,计算现阶段盲及低视力患病率并分析其主要原因。方法:横断面调查研究。采用多阶段整群随机抽样,于2021年6—11月在宁夏回族自治区抽取10个调查点,对其中18岁及以上人群进行问卷调查、视力、眼压、眼底照相和裂隙灯显微镜下眼部情况检查。对盲及低视力人群的相关眼病白内障、眼外伤、屈光不正、弱视、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼、葡萄膜炎、神经性疾病、不明原因性眼底病及其他眼病进行统计,对不同年龄、性别、受教育程度、经济收入人群中单、双眼盲及单、双眼低视力患病率采用χ^(2)检验,并评估分析致盲及低视力的主要原因。结果:调查应检6145人,实际检查5721人,受检率达93.10%;年龄为(64.3±13.5)岁;男性2558人(44.70%),女性3163人(55.30%)。170人(2.97%)诊断为盲,其中146人(2.55%)为单眼盲,24人(0.42%)为双眼盲;285人(4.98%)诊断为低视力,其中226人(3.95%)为单眼低视力,59人(1.03%)为双眼低视力。盲及低视力患病率随年龄增长逐渐增加(χ^(2)=461.74,P<0.001);随受教育程度的增高而降低(χ^(2)=425.60,P<0.001);男性和女性之间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.12,P=0.727);年收入≥10000元人群患病率较年收入<10000元人群明显降低(χ^(2)=79.72,P<0.001)。盲和低视力人群中排在前4位的眼部疾病分别是白内障、眼外伤、不明原因眼底病、屈光不正。结论:宁夏回族自治区成人的盲及低视力患病率较高,其中白内障仍是宁夏地区防盲工作的重点。Objective:To investigate the prevalence of blindness and low vision among adults in Ningxia,calculate the prevalence of blindness and low vision and analyze the main causes.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.Random and multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select ten survey sites in Ningxia from June 2021 to November 2021,and the participants aged 18 years and above was studied.All participants underwent questionnaire investigation,visual acuity,ocular pressure,fundus photography,and slit lamp examination of eye condition.The related eye diseases including cataract,eye trauma,ametropia,amblyopia,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,uveitis,neurological diseases,unexplained fundus and other eye diseases in adults with blindness and low vision were statistically analyzed.The prevalence rates of single and binocular blindness and single and binocular low vision among people of different ages,genders,educational levels and economic incomes were evaluated and analyzed,and the main causes of blindness and low vision were analyzed.Results:In this study,6,145 people should be examined,and 5,721 people were actually examined,with a rate of 93.1%.The average age was 64.3±13.5 years old,with males making up 2,558 males(44.70%),and females making up 3,163 females(55.30%).Among 5,721 subjects in Ningxia,170(2.97%)were diagnosed as blind.Of these,146(2.55%)were monocular blind,and 24(0.42%)were binocular blind.Low vision affected 285 people(4.98%),of whom 59(1.03%)had binocular low vision and 226(3.95%)monocular low vision.The prevalence of blindness and low vision increased with age(χ^(2)=461.74,P<0.001),and decreased with higher education level(χ^(2)=425.60,P<0.001).There was no statistical difference between the different gender group(χ^(2)=0.12,P=0.727).The prevalence of blindness and low vision of the income group of≥10,000 was significantly lower than the income group of<10,000(χ^(2)=79.72,P<0.001).The top four causes of blindness and low vision were cataracts,eye trauma,unexplai

关 键 词：流行病学调查 盲 低视力 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]