金沙江干热河谷脆弱生态系统植被恢复及可持续生态农业模式  

Model of Plantation Restoration and Ecological Agriculture in Fragile Ecological Environment in Arid Hot Valley of Jinsha River

作　　者：纪中华 刘光华 段曰汤 沙毓沧 李建增 

机构地区：[1]云南农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2003年第5期19-22,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目"中国西部重点脆弱生态区综合治理技术与示范"(编号2001BA606A-07)

摘　　要：金沙江河谷脆弱生态系统具有:干旱程度加剧,土壤凋萎湿度(PWP)长达7～8个月,使许多植物无法生长;水热矛盾突出;水土流失严重;人为破坏频繁;植物群落破坏容易,恢复难;土壤胀缩性高而不利于作物生长等特点。其中水分短缺是脆弱生态系统最严重的问题。因此,植被恢复以及可持续发展模式的建立应按水分来源划分为不同的建设系统,即:雨养生态系统,保水补灌系统,适水灌溉系统。针对不同系统,从整体性、紧迫性、持久性、创新性、多样性、高效性、层次性角度提出金沙江干热河谷退化生态系统植被恢复及可持续生态农业模式。即生物立体共生的生态农业模式、物质循环利用的生态农业模式、生态环境综合治理模式、资源开发利用综合模式、综合发展与全面建设的生态农业模式。There are some important characteristics in the fragile ecosystem of arid hot valley of Jinsha River:the climate has become much drier and PWP of soil is 7~8 month long, so that many plants can not grow;The contradictory of water and heat is outstanding;The loss of water and soil is serious;The enviroment is destoried again and again by human;The plant communities are easy to be ruined and difficult to be resumed;Because of the expansion and contraction the plant can not grow smoothly. The lack of water is the most serious problem among the factors. The construction of models of the plantation restoration and sustainable development should accord to source of water to divide into different systems, namly 'the ecosystem of rainsupport', 'the system of supplement irrigation by putting together water', 'the irrigation system of moderate water'. And it put forwards the model from the points of view of entireness, pressingness, endurance, creativeness, variousness, efficient character, gradution character. The models can be list us follows: the models of biological space symbiosis, the model of material cycle utilization, the model of comprehensive control of ecological environment, the integral model of exploitation and use of resources, the model of comprehensive development and construction.

关 键 词：脆弱生态系统 植被恢复与生态农业模式 金沙江 干热河谷 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学] S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]