混配农药中毒防治研究  

Major advances in prevention and treatment of combined pesticides poisoning

作　　者：何凤生[1] 陈曙旸[1] 汤晓勇[1] 王心如[2] 黄金祥[1] 马兆扬[1] 孙金秀[1] 吴宜群[1] 贺锡雯[1] 赵金垣[3] 徐麦玲[4] 陶炳根 文保元 鲁锡荣[1] 王佩丽[7] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所,100050 [2]南京医科大学 [3]北京大学医学部 [4]复旦大学医学院 [5]江苏省卫生防疫站 [6]山东省劳动卫生与职业病防治所 [7]上海市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学研究杂志》2001年第11期6-9,共4页Journal of Medical Research

基　　金："九五"国家重点科技攻关项目

摘　　要：首次在我国开展大规模的混配农药中毒流行病学调查,发现接触混配农药是当前发生农药中毒的重要危险因素,为针对性的预防提供了科学依据。毒理学研究证实多数农药混剂呈增毒效应或协同作用,且与其毒代动力学变化有密切关系,为今后开发高效、低毒的混配农药提供了毒理学依据。在国内外首次建立甲基对硫磷单克隆抗体酶联免疫测定法,并成功研制便携式血胆碱酯酶快速测定仪;这些检测接触、效应生物标志物的灵敏、特异、便捷的方法已试用于现场,并具有开发为产品的前景。同时还发现对氧磷酶基因在192位点的单核苷酸多态性,可能是甲基对硫磷免疫毒性作用的易感性生物标志物之一。在总结不同类别农药混配后所致中毒的临床表现特点和规律的基础上,修订现行的农药中毒诊断标准,增添了有机磷单剂及混剂中毒所致“中间期肌无力综合征”的新内容,将提高我国农药中毒的诊治水平。本研究主要成果达国内领先和国际先进水平。A large scale epidemiological study on combined pesticides poisoning was conducted.The results showed a higher prevalence of acute poisoning due to pesticide mixtures than that of single pesticide exposure, and indicated that the combined pesticide exposure was an important risk factor of acute pesticide posioning.The texicological studies on pesticide mixtures proved that the increased toxicity of pesticide mixtures was related to their toxicokinetic interaction. In order to make the fast, quantitative measurement of blood acetylcholinesterase in the field posssible, a portable equipment has been successfully developed and proved to be better than the other available methods. A novel immuoassay method for the determination of methyl parathion in blood has been established which has never been reported before.The gene polymorphism of paraxonase was found to be a biomarker of susceptibitlity to the immunotoxic effects of methylparathion on exposed workers. Based on the clinical studies on acute pesticide mixtures poisoning, particularly on the 'intermediate myasthenia syndrome' following acute organophosphates (single or mixed formulation) poisoning, the national diagnostic criteria for acute organophosphate poisoning and acute pyrethroid poisoning have been revised.The results provide scientific evidence for improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning in China.

关 键 词：Acetylcholinesterase Biomarkers Carbamates Combined pesticides Diagnostic criteria Organophosphates Pesticide mixtues Pyrethroids Risk factors. 

分 类 号：R[医药卫生]