海湾扇贝一种球形病毒的形态发生及细胞病理学观察  

Observation on morphogenesis and cytopathology of a spherical virus found in Argopecten irradians

作　　者：任素莲[1] 杨宁[1] 宋微波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产学报》2004年第3期292-296,共5页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家973项目(G1999012001);"长江学者奖励计划"及水产养殖教育部重点实验室开放课题

摘　　要：2001年3-5月,青岛海区养殖海湾扇贝发生外套膜"糜烂病"并导致约50%亲贝死亡,主要表现为外套膜糜烂;严重者,约2/3的外套膜溃烂呈胶水状。电镜检测发现病贝体内感染有病毒等病原微生物。本文报道了该病毒粒子的形态、发生及宿主细胞由此所产生的细胞病理学变化。成熟的病毒粒子近球形,直径150～180nm,具囊膜,在细胞核附近的溶酶体内发生和增殖。发生初期溶酶体内形成板层髓样结构,随后形成块状、泡状、絮状等多形态的病毒发生基质及具有正方形花样的蛋白质晶格结构。最后,大量的病毒粒子装配形成,填充在溶酶体内。该病毒粒子主要存在于消化盲囊上皮细胞及结缔组织细胞的胞质中。受感染的宿主细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴溶解,内质网肿胀、核糖体脱落,溶酶体数量增多,核膜膨胀、溶解等,大部分细胞器受损。Bay scallop is one of the main culture species in China. But in recent years, a disease frequently occurred on cultured scallop, and led to a serious loss. In spring of 2001, a mantle erosion disease of cultureArgopecten irradians Lamarck broke out in Qingdao, Shangdong Province, which led to death of 50% parent scallop. It was first found in indoor cultured parent scallop in March. From April to May, the scallop cultured in sea area took on the similar symptoms. With the rise of water temperature the death rate increased. The main clinic symptoms of diseased scallop are the erosion of the mantle, and visceral mass thin. To the serious ones, about 2/3 of the diseased scallop's mantle ulcerated like glue-water, digestive diverticula became loose, gonad shrinked, adductor had no force to open or close, gills slightly ulcerated. Vivisecting the diseased scallop, fixing the mantle, gill, digestive diverticula, gonad and etc. in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and post fixing in 1% osmium tetroxide to prepare electron microscopy specimen. Two parasitic micro-organisms were found in diseased scallop by the transmission electron microscopy. The virus is mainly found in digestive diverticula epithelium and connective tissue cytoplasm. The present paper reports the morphology, morphogenesis and cytopathology of the spherical virus. The mature virus is approximately 150-180nm in diameter and possess a bilaminal envelopes. The formation and multiplication process of the virus occurred in lysosome near the nucleus. In the beginning, the myeloid body was formed in lysosome, and with the process of the virus formation the layers of the myeloid body increased and formed polymorphological virogenic stromas. The proteinic crystal structure was found in the virogenic stroma, and is a regular square structure. It is the initial report on mussel in the world. At post development of the process, the myeloid body disappeared, and many virus particles were filled in lysosome. As a definite feature in cells infected by the virus, most organelles w

关 键 词：海湾扇贝 外套膜糜烂病 球形病毒 形态发生 细胞病理学 

分 类 号：S944[农业科学—水产养殖]