六诗考  

A Textual Research on Feng,Fu, Bi, Xing, Ya and Song

作　　者：朱渊清[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学历史系,上海市200234

出　　处：《南京晓庄学院学报》2001年第1期42-47,共6页Journal of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University

摘　　要：诗的体裁分类，前人有风、雅、颂三分法，风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂六分法二说。六分法来源古老，最早见于《周礼·春官·大师》：“大师教六诗：曰风、曰赋、曰比、曰兴、曰雅、曰颂。”《诗》原也是歌、器乐、舞蹈的统一，《周礼·春官·大师》的六诗，本是根据歌乐的表述方式的不同。“六诗”基本按风(徒歌)、赋(吟诵)、比(和唱)、兴(合唱)、雅(配器乐)、颂(配打击乐和舞蹈)这种音乐性递增的次序排列，是依乐序设教的。所以，“六诗”本是歌乐的六种表述方式。当口头传唱的歌乐发展成为文本的诗后，“六诗”名称虽得以保存，而其原始功能却丧失了。延用下来的“六诗”职能因此发生了根本变化。赋、比、兴发展为文辞的修辞手法；而风、雅、颂则充当了区分《诗》的内容的类别。According to the predecessors,there were two different classifi cation of poems.One falls into three categories Feng,Ya and Song,while the other into six Feng,Fu,Bi,Xing,Ya and Song.The latter appeared much earlier.Poems wer e originally the combination of songs,music and dancing.Feng refers to mere sing ing,and Fu reading aloud,Bi joining in the singing,Xing chorus,ya singing with m usic,and Song singing with music and dancing.So,originally,there were six forms of performances.But when the oral forms of songs and music developed into the wr itten forms,though names remained,their functions disappeared.Great changes took place:Fu,Bi and xing developed in rhetoric devices while Feng,Ya and Song becam e the names of the three categories of poems.

关 键 词：六诗 风 赋 比 兴 雅 颂 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]