淀粉-碘染色法确定苹果成熟度  

Starch iodine test for determining maturation of apple fruit

作　　者：王瑞庆[1] 马书尚[1] 张继澍[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第9期81-86,94,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471001);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2002C-08)

摘　　要：【目的】建立一种可靠、易于推广的科学判断苹果成熟度的方法,用于指导苹果规范采收。【方法】以"嘎拉"、"秦冠"和"富士"苹果为试材,于其成熟期内每周采样1次,测定果实生理指标,并将果实横切后用碘液染色,选取有代表性的苹果染色切面照相。【结果】随着果实的成熟,其硬度下降,可溶性固形物含量(SSC)升高,可滴定酸含量(TA)呈下降趋势,着色率和淀粉指数(SI)升高,后期发生乙烯跃变。根据果实切面淀粉染色程度由深至浅分为8级,制作了3个苹果品种的淀粉染色图谱,依照该图谱,"嘎拉"、"秦冠"和"富士"苹果分别在淀粉指数为4.5,6.0和7.7时,达到园艺成熟度,此时为适宜的采收期。【结论】苹果果实的淀粉指数与其品质和成熟期显著相关(P<0.05),因此它可以客观地反映苹果的成熟度,所制作的图谱可以在"嘎拉"、"秦冠"和"富士"苹果的商业采收中推广应用。【Objective】 A reliable and practicable method to determine the optimum harvest date for apple fruit was studied to provide instruction to apple commercial harvest.【Method】 Apple fruit cultivar "Gala","Qinguan",and "Fuji" were harvested at 7 d intervals during different maturing stages.Physiological indices were measured at the harvest date.Typical stained apple transverse sections were selected to take pictures.【Result】 Fruit firmness decreased,while soluble solids content(SSC),coloring ratio,and starch ind...

关 键 词：苹果 淀粉染色 成熟度 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]