高性能微处理器的微体系结构能量有效性  

Energy Efficiency of Microarchitectures in High-Performance Microprocessors

作　　者：易会战[1] 杨学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学计算机学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《计算机学报》2004年第7期874-880,共7页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划项目基金 ( 2 0 0 2AA1Z2 10 5 )资助

摘　　要：降低处理器的能量消耗 ,提高能量使用的有效性是高性能微处理器进一步发展的关键问题 .传统的依靠工艺改进降低功耗的方法已经不能满足功耗增长的要求 .线路层、门层等低层能量优化方法已经得到广泛研究 .更高层次的微体系结构层、编译层和应用层的优化是更有效的优化方法 ,但是现在一直缺乏很好的比较微体系结构能量有效性的尺度 .该文给出了比较微体系结构能量有效性的方法 ,提出微体系结构能量有效性尺度Metricarch.作者使用该尺度对高性能微处理器的微体系结构能量有效性进行了研究 ,对最新的高性能微体系结构的能量有效性进行了比较分析 ,进而 ,得出结论 :现代微处理器的微体系结构能量有效性呈现下降趋势 ,当前系统能量有效性发展主要还是来自于工艺水平的提高 ,能量有效性高的微体系结构代表了高性能微处理器发展的方向 .Reducing energy consumption and enhancing energy efficiency are pivotal to further progress of microprocessors. It is not enough to just depend on the advancement of the technology to reduce energy consumption of microprocessors. The energy optimization methods in circuit level and gate level have been investigated widely. The methods in microarchitecture level, compilation level and application level are more effective, but it is a fact that lacking of effective metrics to judge what kinds of microarchitectures are more energy-efficient. So this paper presents a methodology to estimate energy efficiency of microarchitectures, and at the same time gives a metric Metricarch as energy efficiency metric of microarchitectures. Authors have investigated the status of energy-efficient microarchitectures in high-performance microprocessors through the proposed metric and estimated some of the newest microarchitectures. Finally it is concluded that energy efficiency of microarchitectures in high-performance microprocessor is declining. The technology is the main factor which leads to advancement of system energy efficiency, and much more energy-efficient microarchitectures will stand for the future in high-performance microprocessors.

关 键 词：高性能微处理器 微体系结构 能量有效性尺度 

分 类 号：TP368[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]