大型浮顶式储油罐的爆炸破坏机理实验  

Experimental research on destruction mechanism of large-scale floating-roof oil tank under blast loading

作　　者：路胜卓 王伟[1] 张博一[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2011年第2期158-164,共7页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51078115)~~

摘　　要：利用可燃气体爆轰实验装置,通过乙炔/空气混合气体沿管道稳定爆轰后形成的冲击波对浮顶式储油罐模型的冲击实验,分别测得模型壁面上的超压荷载、动态应变及振动加速度时程曲线。通过对比分析,研究了大型浮顶式储油罐在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动态响应特性及其破坏机理。在可燃气体爆炸荷载作用下,储罐结构在变形过程中诱发罐内液体产生压缩波并对罐壁形成强烈冲击,背面液体传导的冲击压力与正向冲击波压力量级相同,荷载作用时间大于冲击波。同时,在位于迎爆区域的储油罐内壁,顶端位置处于受拉状态,且拉伸变形最大,为整体结构抗爆的最薄弱部位。To explore the dynamic response of a super-large oil tank affected by gaseous mixture explosion,impact experiments were conducted on floating-roof oil-tank models impacted by steady blast wave,which was induced by the reaction of acetylene/air mixtures propagating along a pipe,in inflammable mixture detonation facilities.The overpressure load,dynamic strain and vibration acceleration histories were measured at the walls of the oil-tank models.The destruction mechanisms of the large-scale floating-roof oil-tank under blast loading were analyzed.In the deformation process of the tank structure subjected to inflammable gas explosion,the inner liquid is induced to generate compressive wave to intensively collide with the wall of the tank,the back wall pressure transmitted by liquid collision is in the same order of magnitude with the blast wave pressure on the front,but the actuation time of the former is longer.Meanwhile,the top of the oil-tank inner wall on the blast side is in tensile state,encounters the maximum tensile strain,and has the weakest resistance to explosion and blast loading for the whole structure.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 破坏机理 爆炸冲击荷载 浮顶式储油罐 动态应变 振动加速度 可燃气体 

分 类 号：O36[理学—流体力学]