从山西仪式剧的演出形态看中国戏剧的特点  

The Characteristics of Chinese Dramas From the Performance of Ceremony Drama In Shanxi

作　　者：黄竹三[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学戏曲文物研究所

出　　处：《文化遗产》2008年第1期1-8,共8页Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：以往学术界认为,中国传统戏曲具有娱乐人群、高台教化、写意性、综合性和以行当演人物等特点。事实上,中国传统戏曲包括历代于城乡戏台上表演的观赏性戏剧(杂剧、传奇、地方戏等)和在民间底层祭祀民俗活动中演出的原生态戏剧(赛戏、傩戏、目连戏等)。上述所概括的传统戏曲特点,只能适用于观赏性戏剧,而不能涵盖祭祀性戏剧。本文以山西仪式剧为案例,从演出生态环境、演出目的、演出场所、如何饰扮剧中人物和所综合的艺术手段等方面,来说明仪式剧演出主要供神灵享用,在娱神之余亦可娱人;演出场所除在固定的神庙戏台外,还可作流动性演出;装扮剧中人物不必通过行当,而由村民直接饰扮,并多为世袭制;融合的艺术手段较少,综合性不强。因此对全面的中国戏剧特点需重新认识。It is generally recognized that the characteristics of Chinese traditional dramas are entertainment crowd, the high-profile education, enjoyable、integrated and so on. In fact, Chinese traditional dramas include ornamental dramas performed on the stages in the urban and rural areas from generation to generation, and original ecological dramas performed in the ritual folk activities of civil bottom activities. The characteristics above are adapted to not only ornamental dramas, but to original ecological dramas. This article would like to note the ceremony is played for the God and human beings with eyes on the performance environment, the aim, stages and art ways. The performance stages are solid and also mobile; figures in the ceremony drama are played not by drama character, but by the hereditary villagers, and the drama lacks in art ways and has less integration. Therefore, the characteristics of Chinese traditional dramas need to be re-studied.

关 键 词：仪式剧 演出形态 戏剧特点 

分 类 号：J82[艺术—戏剧戏曲]