预设的研究  

Main Points in Presupposition Research

作　　者：季安锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,300071

出　　处：《南开语言学刊》2009年第1期119-128,184,共11页Nankai Linguistics

摘　　要："预设"最早是哲学和逻辑学概念,后来成为语用学研究的重要内容。本文在梳理前人所作研究的基础上,对预设的主要研究内容、研究状况作一概述,主要介绍预设的性质、常见的预设触发语的类型和关于预设投射分析的理论,包括Karttunen的"过滤条件"理论、Gazdar的"删除机制"理论以及Van der Sandt对预设和预设投射的分析等。关于预设在否定句中消失的现象存在着各种原因解释,此外,预设和焦点有着密切的关系,对比焦点的变化意味着预设的变化。Presupposition was originally a conception in philosophy and logic,and became the important part of pragmatics research later.This paper gives a summary of the research situation and the main contents of presupposition,mainly introducing the study on the nature of presupposition,the types of presupposition triggers,and the theories about the presupposition projection,which comprise Karttunen's'Filtering Condition',Gazdar's'Cancelling Device',and Van der Sandt's theory.Presupposition may disappear when a sentence is negated,and there are many explanations for presupposition disappearance.Presup-position and focus are connected in that the change of contrastive focus means the change of presupposition.

关 键 词：预设 触发语 预设投射 否定 焦点 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]