马克思主义危机理论札记  

A note on Marxist theory of crisis

作　　者：林金忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济研究所

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2009年第1期96-115,共20页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：马克思主义危机理论是马克思主义经济理论中的一个重要组成部分,曾经也是马克思主义研究和争论的一个热点。马克思并没有提出一个系统的危机理论,他的论著只涉及危机的片段性和间接性的论述,对这些论述的不同解读形成了三种不同的马克思主义危机理论,即生产失调论、消费不足论和利润率下降趋势论。通过重新解读马克思的有关论述,分析表明,最有深度也最有价值的一点在于马克思将危机根源归结为资本主义生产方式的内在矛盾本身,这一点贯穿了马克思所有的论著,奠定了马克思主义危机理论之基础,也成为马克思主义危机理论与资产阶级危机理论的基本分野之所在;分析也表明,已有的三种理论各有所执,均未能完整地和令人信服地把握住马克思关于危机的思想。如何构筑一个能够解释危机发生的内在机制的可辩驳的统一的马克思主义危机理论,仍旧是摆在当代马克思主义者面前的一项任务。The Marxist theory of crisis constitutes a fundamental and crucial part of the Marxist economic theory,which had aroused many controversies in the evolution of the Marxist tradition.A sheer fact is that Marx never presented a systematic theory on crisis, and that what he provided is but some discrete,shattered and somewhat indirect discus- sions on the capitalist crisis.Different interpretations of his writings have resulted in three major arguments in the literature of Marxist theory of crisis,i.e.,the disproportionate theory of crisis,the under-consumption theory of crisis,and theory of crisis based on the tendency for the rate of profit to fall.With an attempt of re-interpretation of Marx's writings on this regard,the author of this paper consists on that the most profound and valuable in the writings is such a point that the ultimate root of crisis originates in the fundamental contradiction of the capitalist mode of production.This point goes through all the writings of Marx on crisis,especially in his Grundrisse.It should therefore constitute the theoretical foundation and departure for Marxist theory of crisis,which also provides a criterion for distinguishing the nature of Marxist theory of crisis from the bourgeois economic theory of crisis.In the sense that the three arguments haven't yet provided a plausible comprehension of this point,it remains a task for the contemporary Marxists to integrate a comprehensive theory of crisis that could explain the intrinsic mechanism of the capitalist crisis.

关 键 词：当代马克思主义 危机理论 资本主义生产方式 资本有机构成 利润率 消费不足论 生产过剩 资本主义危机 经济危机 下降趋势 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]