高等教育的理想类型  

Ideal Type of Higher Education Modes

作　　者：孙华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学田家炳教科院 [2]浙江师范大学大学文化研究所

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2013年第11期16-24,共9页Education Research Monthly

摘　　要：运用社会学的理想类型分析方法,我们可以把世界高等教育抽象成三种模式,即罗马模式、盎格鲁-撒克逊模式以及东亚儒家模式。罗马模式高等教育体系的主要特征就是国家控制大学,大学推崇专业教育;盎格鲁-撒克逊模式的特征是国家对大学的弱控制,大学推崇自由教育;东亚儒家模式是威权政府统筹大学系统、大学推崇学术教育与职业教育分流战略。当然,任何一种高等教育模式的形成都是历史文化的产物,也是遗传和环境的作用,对任何他国高等教育模式的借鉴和学习都必须结合本土的历史文化传统,而不是机械的生搬硬套。By using the Analysis Method of the ideal type in Sociology, the world higher education can be abstracted into such three modes as Roman mode, Anglo-Saxon mode and East Asia Confucian mode. The main features of the higher education system in Roman mode are state-controlled universities and recommended professional education; Anglo-Saxon mode are characterized by weak state-controlled universities and respected liberal education; East Asia Confucian mode is related to the authoritarian government's co-ordination on universities' system and the recommended strategy of separating both academic education and vocational education. Since any kinds of the formation on higher education are not only the product of history and culture,but also heredity and environment, during the process of studying any kinds of other nations' higher education mode, people need rationally combine them with local history and cultural traditions, rather than adopt it mechanically.

关 键 词：高等教育 理想类型 罗马模式 盎格鲁-撒克逊模式 东亚儒家模式 

分 类 号：G40-01[文化科学—教育学原理]