民族地区转移支付、公共支出差异与经济发展差距  

Intergovernmental Transfers for Ethnic Regions,Public Spending Difference and Economic Development Gap

作　　者：毛捷[1] 汪德华[2,1] 白重恩[3] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院财税系 [2]中国社会科学院财政与贸易经济研究所 [3]清华大学经济管理学院中国财政税收研究所

出　　处：《经济研究》2011年第S2期75-87,共13页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“中国政府间转移支付的效应研究:理论、实证分析与政策含义”(批准号71003059)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：针对民族地区的财政转移支付,是实行财政分权制度的多民族国家缓和民族矛盾、缩小地区差别的重要手段。基于最优政府间转移支付模型和"净财政收益"概念,本文首先提出如下理论假说:这类转移支付有助于减少民族地区与其他地区之间的公共支出差异和经济发展差距。然后使用1993—2003年中国县省两级数据,并采用基于趋势评分匹配的双重差分法(DID with Propensity Score Matching),检验上述理论假说。研究发现:(1)中国2000年底实施的民族地区转移支付政策,显著促进了民族地区公共支出水平的相对提高和公共支出结构的相对优化。不过,促进作用未显示出随时间不断增强的态势。(2)该项政策未显著缩小民族地区与其他地区之间的经济发展差距。本文的研究结论表明,民族地区转移支付在中国发挥了均等化效应,但程度有限。Fiscal-decentralized and multiple-ethnic countries usually use the intergovernmental transfers for ethnic regions to relief ethnic conflicts and reduce regional differences.This paper sets up a simple theoretical model to interpret the equalizing effect of fiscal transfers for ethnic regions,based on which we then use both the county-level and province-level data in China over the period 1993—2003 to test the theoretical findings by using the method of DID with propensity score matching.The empirical results are robust and our main findings are as follows.(1)Fiscal transfers for ethnic regions significantly improve both level and composition of ethnic regions' spending.However,we find evidence that the improving effects above do not increase along time.(2)Fiscal transfers for ethnic regions do not significantly reduce the gap of economic development between ethnic regions and others.The findings aforementioned imply that intergovernmental transfers like transfers for ethnic regions display the equalization effect in the development countries like China,while the extent is limited.

关 键 词：政府间转移支付 均等化效应 民族地区 趋势评分匹配 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学] F127F224