阿尔茨海默病早期诊断:影像学和体液生物标志物研究前沿和新动态  

Fluid and imaging biomarkers in early diagnosis ofAlzheimer’s disease: research front and perspectives

作　　者：王军[1] 张莹[1] 郑妍鹏[1] 王虹峥[2] 李坤成[3] 齐志刚[3] 崔瑞雪[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学生命科学与生物工程研究院,北京100044 [2]北京协和医学院基础学院,北京100005 [3]首都医科大学宣武医院放射科,北京100053 [4]北京协和医院核医学科,北京100005

出　　处：《中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）》2012年第10期36-47,共12页Chinese Journal of the Frontiers of Medical Science(Electronic Version)

基　　金："十一五"863计划"疫苗与抗体工程"重大项目(2006AA02A247);国家科技重大专项(2009ZX10004-216);国家自然科学基金(81100809和81271417)和国家自然科学基金(81141018;30770620)的资助

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种由多种因素引起的脑神经退变性疾病。由于尚无准确的早期诊断,常使AD患者错过早期治疗的时机,成为制约有效防控AD的瓶颈问题。近年来,AD体液和影像学生物标志物的研究为解决这一问题带来了新的希望,其中以包括脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)中的β-淀粉样蛋白和tau的体液生物标志物以及淀粉样蛋白成像(amyloid positron emission tomography,amyloid PET)、葡萄糖代谢成像(fludeoxyglucose F 18injection,FDG-PET)和磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)获得的影像学生物标志物研究最为成熟。及时确诊临床前AD或无症状AD,将会为有效防控带来主动。本文涵盖了影像学、生物化学和分子生物学等方面AD核心生物标志物和潜在的候选生物标志物的研究进展,而外周体液标志物以及无创性检测方法是本领域的发展方向。Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease. The lack of early diagnosis ofAD becomes critical bottleneck that hinders the effective treatment. In recent years great progress has made in the fluid and imaging biomarkers. The most promising biomarkers include CSF analytes of Aβ and tau, and the brain imaging measures of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, some new candidates of blood-based biomarkers have been proposed. The characteristics of these biomarkers in application have been evaluated, the current problems and the direction of future efforts also have been discussed. The quest for useful biomarkers with easily accessible and non-invasive should receive a higher priority in early diagnosis ofAD research.

关 键 词：生物标志物 CSF Β-淀粉样蛋白 FDG-PET MRI 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]