论中国新石器时代居民获取肉食资源的方式  

MAN'S MEAT-ACQUIRING PATTERNS IN NEOLITHIC CHINA

作　　者：袁靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《考古学报》1999年第1期1-22,共22页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：Two kinds of animal remains have been found on Neolithic China sites: domesticated and wild. The former include those of pigs, dogs, chickens, cattle and sheep; the latter belong to the sika deer, Bavid’s deer, river deer, muntjac, red deer, roe deer, tiger, wolf, racoon dog, bear, badger, monkey, rabbit, bamboo rat, various kinds of fish and so on. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of bones from Neolithic sites the author learns that the remains of domesticated and wild animals in different regions and sites vary in proportion, which shows the existence of different meat--acquiring patterns at that time. Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the upper and middle Huanghe River valley, the Huanghe-Huaihe region, the Changjiang Three Gorges area, the Changjiang delta and South China all have their own characteristics, which can be summed up and classified into three patterns: dependent, elementary animal domestication, and advanced animal domestication. When the three patterns are lined up in the above order, a model of meat-acquiring in Neolithic China is formed, which demonstrates the basic developmental process of meatacquiring in Neolithic China. The author believes that the sequential changes of meat-acquiring patterns from completely depending on hunting via supply partly by elementary animal domestication to relying mainly on domesticated animals always happened and developed under the restriction by surrounding natural resources. Therefore, this process can be summed up in a theory of passive development.Two kinds of animal remains have been found on Neolithic China sites: domesticated and wild. The former include those of pigs, dogs, chickens, cattle and sheep; the latter belong to the sika deer, Bavid's deer, river deer, muntjac, red deer, roe deer, tiger, wolf, racoon dog, bear, badger, monkey, rabbit, bamboo rat, various kinds of fish and so on. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of bones from Neolithic sites the author learns that the remains of domesticated and wild animals in different regions and sites vary in proportion, which shows the existence of different meat--acquiring patterns at that time. Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the upper and middle Huanghe River valley, the Huanghe-Huaihe region, the Changjiang Three Gorges area, the Changjiang delta and South China all have their own characteristics, which can be summed up and classified into three patterns: dependent, elementary animal domestication, and advanced animal domestication. When the three patterns are lined up in the above order, a model of meat-acquiring in Neolithic China is formed, which demonstrates the basic developmental process of meatacquiring in Neolithic China. The author believes that the sequential changes of meat-acquiring patterns from completely depending on hunting via supply partly by elementary animal domestication to relying mainly on domesticated animals always happened and developed under the restriction by surrounding natural resources. Therefore, this process can be summed up in a theory of passive development.

关 键 词：野生动物 家养动物 中国新石器时代 动物骨骼 姜寨遗址 新石器时代遗址 长江三角洲地区 动物总数 研究者 黄淮地区 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]