基督教传播对早期中美外交关系建立的影响  

Christianity and the Establishment of Sino-US Diplomatic Relations

作　　者：汪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《世界宗教研究》1999年第2期60-65,157,共7页Studies in World Religions

摘　　要：中美19世纪中叶开始建立的外交关系，与当时基督教在华的传播活动有着极为密切的联系。首先向美国政府鼓吹对华建立外交关系的，是美国驻华宣教士伯驾。为发展基督教在华传播事业，打破清政府的传教禁令，伯驾不仅积极说服美国政府开展对华外交，并亲自参与有关外交活动，促成了美国最初的对华条约外交关系。此后，由早期基督教教会学校培养的中国近代改良主义者容闳，以培养洋务运动急需的现代化人才为由，极力劝说清朝政府派使团赴美。同时，他还以其外交实践，最终促使清政府任命驻美外交公使，形成中美早期的双边外交关系。可见，基督教传播之直接动因与其传播影响的间接效应，对于中美早期外交关系的建立具有不容忽视的意义。China and the United States began to establish diplomatic relations in the middle ofthe 19th century,which was closely related with Christian dissemination in China at thattime. It was an American missionary Peter Parker, who first urged the Americangovernment to establish diplomatic relations with China. For developing tile missionarycause of Christianity in China and breaking the prohibition of the Qing Dynasty againstthe missionary activities,Peter Parker not only actively persuaded American governmentto unfold diplomatic activities to China,but also participated in the diplomatic activitiesconcerned himself, helped to bring about the primary Sino -- US diplomatic relationsmaintained by an unequal treaty. Then through Rong Hong, a modern reformer ofChina cultivated by the school of early Christian church and under the pretext ofcultivating modern talented persons who were in urgent need for westernizationmovement, he made every effort to persuade the Qing Dynasty to dispatch diplomaticenvoys to US. At the same time, with his diplomatic practice, he also finally urged theQing Dynasty to appoint diplomatic envoy inhabited in America,therewith to establishearly Sino--US bilateral diplomatic relations. It is evident that the immediate agent ofChristian dissemination and tile mediate effects of its influence had the significance notto be ignored for the establishment of early Sino--US diplomatic relations.Born in 1955, the co - authors are associated professors of international politics,candidates for doctorship of politics of the College of Politics and Administration,WuhanUniversity.

关 键 词：基督教 中美外交 清政府 伯驾 美国政府 马礼逊 洋务运动 教育使团 美国传教士 中国政府 

分 类 号：B978[哲学宗教—宗教学]