谈中国汉唐之间葬俗的演变  

Evolution of the Funerary Practice of the Times from the Han to the Tang

作　　者：杨泓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《文物》1999年第10期60-68,共9页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：中国汉唐时期皇帝王侯的葬俗,由两汉经魏晋到南北朝隋唐,经历了由崇尚厚葬,到倡导薄葬,再重崇厚葬的演变。但隋唐时期再次重崇厚葬,并非历史上两汉时期厚葬之风的重复,而是呈现着全然不同的面貌。分析近半个世纪田野考古获得的有关资料,结合文献,已可粗略勾勒出这一演变过程的轨迹。西汉建国之初,即承秦制,帝王崇尚厚葬。不过由于汉初经秦末动乱和楚汉之争,经济凋敝,加之汉王朝又慑于秦王朝对百姓苛暴过甚导致覆亡的前车之鉴,自汉初直至文帝和景帝时,一直崇尚无为而治,提倡节俭,力求社会经济得到恢复和发展。即便如此,皇帝仍力求效仿秦皇葬制,但微有收敛。以用俑随葬为例,汉皇陵墓仍如亡秦规制。The royal and aristocratic burials of the period can be read as a trilogy of being ex-pensive, moderate and expensive again. The return of expensive one in the Sui-Tang era,however, was never a repetition, but a totally different version, of that of the previoustimes. The Western Han founders took over from the Qin the practice of interning the deadwith a lot of wealth. The best example is the famous mortuary garment of over two thou-sand pieces of jade. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the warfare and bad econo-my directed robbers to large tombs, and hence Cao Cao's preaching on cheap burial with-out any mound and tombstone. Rulers and noblemen of the Wei and early Jin all adopted alimited burial. Toward the later half of the Western Jin, entombment became quite a taskagain. However, this time emperors and noblemen chose to interned epitaphs and figurinesrather than gold and bronze as people did in the Han dynasty.

关 键 词：葬俗 玉衣 社会经济 两汉时期 演变过程 南北朝 田野考古 皇帝 汉唐时期 考古发现 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]