中国和日本古代仪式拔牙的比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RITUAL TOOTH ABLATION IN ANCIENT CHINA AND JAPAN

作　　者：韩康信[1] 中桥孝博 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710 [2]日本九州大学

出　　处：《考古学报》1998年第3期289-306,共18页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：一、前言在古代人群中实行仪式拔牙风俗有很古老的历史。它在北非至少可以追溯到中石器时代,是一种有意识地拔除某些健康前位齿的行为。在世界其他许多地区的古代人头骨上也都记录有这种风俗,并且在拔牙的形式和原因方面也存在明显的变异。因此,对这一习俗进行大量的调查,无疑可作为了解古代社会的有益方法。This paper makes a comparative examination of ritual tooth ablation in ancient China and Japan. In China ,as far as known at present ,ritual tooth ablation first appeared among the people of the Shandong-North Jiangsu region at least 6,500 years ago ,and then became very popular amongst the people of the Dawenkou culture of coastal China. In Japan, this custom was performed extensively among the people of the Late-Final Jomon period. This resulted in a time lag of about 2,000 years. There were also significant differences in the form of tooth ablation in ancient China and Japan. China was characterized by the bilateral ablation of the upper lateral incisors (2I^2 type), and, except for a small group, showed no remarkable temporal change after its inception. Ritual ablation in Japan was more complex and the number of teeth extracted during this custom's most prevalent period was greater than that in China. On the other hand, there exist several points which may suggest some relation between the two countries, such as rough similarity in the age of the commencement of ablation,the prevalence of extraction of lower incisors from the Late Jomon period in western Japan, and the practice of the same style of ablation among the people of nearly the same period in China. Especially the abrupt increase of extraction of the upper lateral incisors among the people of the Yayoi period, such as the Doigahama who showed morphological resemblances with the Neolithic people of North China,may suggest the influence of Chinese tradition. Although it is difficult, at the present, to trace and conclude any specific relationship between the traditions of the two countries due to China's lack of skeletal remains from the time corresponding to the Late-Final Jomon and Yayoi periods in Japan, these results strongly suggest the significance and necessity of further studies.

关 键 词：拔牙 日本古代 比较研究 仪式 新石器时代遗址 风俗 弥生时代 苏北地区 人骨 考古学 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]