甲骨学一百年的回顾与前瞻  

One Century of Study of Oracle Bone and Shell Inscriptions: Retrospection and Projection

作　　者：李学勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《文物》1998年第1期33-37,共5页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：殷墟甲骨的发现,迄今已达一百年了。甲骨确切地说是在哪一年发现的,学术界颇有争议,今后还可能讨论下去,但考虑到“村农收落花生,偶于土中检之”,于是为古董商人所得之说,其始出或在1898年冬,而由王懿荣鉴定则是1899年。不管怎样,现在开始纪念这件学术史上的大事,是应该的,也是必要的。甲骨的出现导致一门学科的产生,就是现在大家知道的甲骨学。“甲骨学”这个词系何人何时首创,有待考证。One hundred years have passed since oracle bones and shells were first unearthed at the Yin Ruins. The discovery has lead to the birth of a new branch of knowledge:study of oracle bones and shells.The compilation of oracle bones and shells started with the publication of Liu E's Tieyun Canggui. The Jiagu Heji,a book published in 1983,with Mr. Guo Moruo as its editor-in-chief,includes a total of 41,956 pieces of oracle bones and shells,which compose the major body of information obtained so far. The sorting and compiling of oracle bones have turned out to be fruitful with efforts of several generations of scholars,providing a solid basis for the further research. The decipherment of oracle bone and shell inscription is a major part of paleography.The periodization of the oracle bones and shells from the Yin Ruins began at 1935, when Mr. Dong Zuobin worked out a widely accepted 5-stage sequence based on the excavated data. The periodization of oracle bones and shells has been consistently discussed ever since. The discovery of the Yin Ruins oracle bones and shells has been a major event in the world archaeology since it unveils the magnificent culture of the Shang dynasty.The past century of oracle bone and shell study has produced many scholars and works,and the second half of the period has witnessed a really rapid development in the area. It is from this crescendo that a brighter prospect can be predicted for the coming century.

关 键 词：甲骨学 甲骨文合集 甲骨文字 五十年 胡厚宣 殷墟发掘 历史文化 陈梦家 著录 王国维 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]