个体应对紧张情境的两种理论述评  

A Review on Two Coping Thories with Characteristics-oriented and Process-oriented

作　　者：杨昭宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东曲阜师范大学教育系,曲阜273165

出　　处：《心理学探新》1999年第3期53-58,共6页Psychological Exploration

摘　　要：本文对目前应对研究中形成的两大理论——特质论和过程论进行了简要综述和评论。作者认为，特质论较好地解释了应对方式选择的内在自我动因，但所坚持的应对效果先验确定的观点不利于解释应对行为的学习和改变；过程论在预见、评价、调整和控制应对方式上可以发挥较大作用，但应对过程的测量具有较大的困难，某些情况下仍然需要借助对稳定人格特征的评估。因此，两种理论有机结合，相互之间取长补短，将是应对研究的正确思路。The objective of this study was to review two theories with characteristics-oriented and process-oriented that explained the coping behaviors of person in stressful situation. The results showed that Characteristics-oriented theory can be good at descrbing why a man/woman chose his/her ways of coping, comparatively, Process-oriented theory can be of great use for expaining how man/woman controlled his/her ways of coping. It is considered that combining with each other of two theries would be the correct way in studies of coping.

关 键 词：应对 特质论 过程论 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]