中文双字词Stroop现象实验研究  

An Experimental Study of Stroop Phenomenon in Two-Character Chinese Color Words

作　　者：王才康[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理系

出　　处：《应用心理学》1995年第1期56-60,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：本研究在标准的 Stroop任务中引入中文双字颜色词 ,结果发现 :1无论是单字词还是双字词都产生了显著的 Stroop干扰效应和促进效应 ,双字词的反应时模式同单字词相同。这表明语言学意义上的中文词是一个知觉加工单元 ,无论它由一个字组成或由两个字组成。 2无论是单字词还是双字词 ,Stroop促进效应和干扰效应相同 ,相对于控制条件呈一种对称关系。这一结果同国外的有关发现不同 ,表明作为表意文字的汉字同西方拼音文字具有不同的信息加工特点。Many researches have demonstrated that the magnitude of color naming interference in a Stroop task is greater in Chinese for Chinese subjects than in English for American subjects (Chen & Tsoi, 1990; Fang et al, 1981; Tsao et al, 1981) . These findings were accounted for by the hypothesis that different processes are involved in recognizing Chinese logographs and in reading alphabetic words. In these studies, the Chinese color words used in the experiments were all one character color words.In modern Chinese usage, linguistic words can be composed of either two or three characters. So that is necessary to introduce the two character Chinese color words in the standard Stroop task to verify the above mentioned hypothesis. In addition to exploring the Stroop interference in the Chinese version of the Stroop task, the present study was designed to investigate Stroop facilitation and its relationship to the Stroop interference. According to Macleod (1991, for a review ), in the English version of the Stroop task, the Stroop facilitation is much less than the corresponding Stroop interference. The experiment was designed to determine whether this finding was evident for Chinese. 13 college students (eight males and five females) participated in the experiment. Each subject was requested to name the color of the target in the standard Stroop task as accurately and quickly as possible. In this study, a within subjects design was used with two variables, one is the word type (one character words or two character words ), the other is the consistency between the color and its unrelated word which had four levels (congruency, incongruency, ×××× type control and neutral word control ). The results showed that in the two words type conditions, significant Stroop interference and Stroop facilitation were obtained. Further, the reaction time patternsin these two conditions were very similar, suggesting that the linguistic word, even if it consists of two characters, can be a unit of visual or semantic p

关 键 词：单字色词 双字色词 Stroop干扰 Stroop促进 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]