关于十六国北朝时期的三世佛与三佛造像诸问题(一)  

On the Figures of the Buddhas of Past, Present and future during 4—6 Centuries

作　　者：贺世哲 

出　　处：《敦煌研究》1992年第4期1-20,105+125+128,共23页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：佛教艺术中的三佛造像是一种古老的题材。玄奘著《大唐西域记》卷7云:婆罗(疒尼)斯国鹿野伽蓝西南有“过去三佛坐及经行遗迹之所”。季羡林先生注云:“过去三佛指释迦牟尼以前的三佛,即拘留孙佛、拘那含牟尼佛、迦叶波佛。”。在近世的考古发掘中,于巴基斯坦、阿富汗都发现了三佛造像,而且形式不一,既有三佛并坐的,也有三佛三菩萨间隔并立的。法国赴阿富汗考古队还在背库拉姆东5公里的肖特拉库佛教遗址发现一件石雕三佛,系公元4—5世纪的作品,三佛都是立像,中间一身高大,左右两身略低。左侧一身全缺,右侧一身仅缺头部,身部全右足前跪一童子,以发布地,这显然是表现佛传中著名的“儒童布发”故事。The figures of the Buddhas of past,present and future were very popular in China during4——6centuries. The author discussed the diferent forms of their combinations. One of them is Thousand-Buddhas of past ,present and future in ten directions. The ofher forms of Buddhas of past,present and future are made up by single figure—Kasyapa or Dipamkara or Sakyamuni with probhutaratna or six Past Buddhas (as Past Buddha),Sakyamuni (as Present Buddha) and Maitreya (as Future Buddha). There are other two kinds of Tvikaya out of ordinary: Losana or Sakyamuni, Amitabha and Maitreya. This paper explains the evolution and prevalent reasons of the Buddhas of past,present and future.

关 键 词：佛造像 十六国北朝 菩萨 发愿文 弥勒佛 弥勒像 造像碑 佛教造像 炳灵寺 北凉石塔 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]