八思巴字汉语译写中的一个特例  

One Special Case in Written Translation from 'Phags-pa Scripts into Chinese

作　　者：杨耐思[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言科学》2004年第4期3-8,共6页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：本文利用《蒙古字韵》“字母”的资料,以及大量译写中的实例,探讨了八思巴字译写汉语声母的情况。八思巴字译写汉语声母一共用了35个八思巴字母。在构拟过程中,发现用八思巴字译写汉语的“零声母”一共用了四个八思巴字字母。相应的汉语的字母名称是“影、幺、鱼、喻”。同时还发现译写汉语的零声母除了用四个不同的字母外,还有用“字头符”加“连接符”译写零声母的例子。照那斯图教授也发现在八思巴字蒙古语里,有用“字头符”加“连接符”与零声母的符号发生交替的现象。交替的条件是,发生在i、u、e、o等四个元音之前,论证了“字头符”加“连接符”也是一个零声母字符。这也是八思巴字译写中的一个特例。In this thesis the material of Menggu-Ziyun alphabets is used for explanation of so many examples of translation, which is spoken of the situation about written translation from 'Phags- pa Scripts into Chinese. The numbers of 'Phags-pa Scripts consonants used for translation into Chi- nese are totally thirty-five. In a process of adopting reconstruction one case is found that the number of 'zero initials', using 'Phags-pa Scripts for translation into Chinese, is four. And the names of a- dopted Chinese characters are 影, 幺,鱼,喻. At the same time other cases of 'zero initials' are found that written Chinese translation of 'zero initials', except four different alphabets, still has'zero ini- tials' examples which use 'prefix mark' adding 'link mark'. Professor Junast found this case, too. He found this in 'Phags-pa Scripts Mongolian Language. There is one case that 'zero initials' with 'prefix mark' adding 'link mark' and 'zero initials' which can replace each other means that 'zero in- itials' can come out just before/i,u,e,o/etc. This indicates 'prefix mark' and 'link mark'. This one 'zero initial' case is also one special one in 'Phags-pa Scripts in written translation.

关 键 词：《蒙古字韵》 八思巴字 汉语 零声母 翻译方法 

分 类 号：H212[语言文字—少数民族语言]