印欧语系语言浅说  

Introduction to Indo-European Family

作　　者：李赋宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学英语系

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》1984年第1期26-36,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

摘　　要：十八世纪英国学者Sir William Jones指出:梵文与希腊文和拉丁文“如此相象,绝非偶然”,“它们具有共同的来源,这个来源或许已不存在。”从此以后,一门新的学科——比较语言学诞生了。英语属于日耳曼语支中的西日耳曼语分支,而日耳曼语本身又属于世界上最大的语系——印欧语系。所以,掌握一些英语与其各代语祖之间在进化过程中的一些基本知识,可以使读者对英语有一个理性的认识。本文以丰富的实例,从历时性角度,为读者描绘了一幅详细的英语家谱图。对有志于研究语言学,研究英美语言文学者,本文也许具有提纲契领的指导意义。对大学英语专业的本科学生以及其杷愿意掌握英语者,阅读本文可能会收到扩大视野,升华认识之效。Sir William Jones, a British orientist,declared in 1786 that Sanskrit bore to Greek and Latin 'a stronger affinity……than could possibly have been produced by accident……have sprung from some common source, which perhaps no longer exists.' From then on, comparative philology came into being.English belongs to the west Germanic branch of the Germanic sub-family, which in turn is a member of Indo- European family, the largest one in the world. Therefore, some common-sense knowledge about English's evolution from its various ancestors will lead to a rational comprehension of this particular language. This essay proceeds from a diachronic approach and, with the help of many examples, draws a detailed pedigree of English. For those whose fields of research concern linguistics, Anglo-American language and literature, this essay would serve as a concise guide. As to the average undergraduates of English departments or others who attempt to master English, this paper would broaden their cognitive horizons.

关 键 词：英美语言 古英语 西日耳曼语 英语专业 拉丁文 现代德语 现代英语 哥特语 拉丁语 弗里斯 

分 类 号：C55[社会学]