古代中国人种成分研究  

THE STUDY OF THE RACIAL ELEMENTS OF ANCIENT CHINA

作　　者：韩康信[1] 潘其风[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古学报》1984年第2期245-263,共19页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：古代和现代人的人种学问题,即对现代各色人种的起源和分化的研究,是体质人类学的重要组成部分。科学地阐明人种的起源和发展,不仅是体质人类学的一项重要任务,而且同探讨人类文明的产生和发展,批判古代和现代各种形式的种族主义观点有密切的关系。The main results of a paleoanthropological study of the middle-late Paleolithic to Neolith- ic and Bronze ages of China are introduced in this article.Some problems concerning the com- position of China's pre-bronze age racial character are discussed in detail. According to the morphology of early Homo sapiens fossils discovered in late middle to early late Pleistocene contexts in China,these later hominids displary trait similar to those of Homo erectus fossils from the same area.However,they show a developing racial tendency dif- ferent from Homo spiens in the West. Dali Man,Xujiayao Man,Maba Man and so on are representatives of North and South Chi- nese early Homo sapiens.They already display certain morphological traits characteristic of the Mongoloid race.The argument suggesting the Mongoloid race originated from Homo erectus pekinensis,proposed by F.Weidenreich,will be supported while some of his ideas about the emergence of the Chinese race will be corrected by new discoveries. The morphology of Homo sapiens fossils from the late Pleistocene shows areal differen- tiation within Mongoloid population.The cranial morphology of the Upper Cave Man is clo- ser to that of modern North Asian Mongoloids,circumpolar peoples and American Indians. The skull of Liujiang Man from South China is more similar to those of Southern Mongoloids. This means that Mongoloid polymorphism already existed in an early stage of its development. It is called the'primitive Mongoloid type'or'Mongoloid in the making'by some scientists. The physical character of Neolithic and Bronze Age populations is closer to that of mode- rn racial types in the same area.Neolithic populations in the Huanghe valley are closer to Eastern or Southern Mongoloids,and the Bronze Age populations are closer to Eastern Mongo- loids.The populations of the early and late Neolithic in South China are closer to Southern Mo- ngoloids,and even display certain clear racial characters o

关 键 词：东亚蒙古人种 新石器时代 尼格罗人种 人骨 古代中国人 成分研究 古代居民 山顶洞人 人种特征 人头骨 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]