金枪鱼围网鲣的捕获率与其摄食状态的关系  

The relationship between fishing success and feeding status in skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in tuna purse seine

作　　者：王学昉[1,2,3,4] 许柳雄[1,2,3,4] 周成 朱国平[1,2,3,4] 唐浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2013年第6期622-626,共5页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(SS2012AA092302);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41006106);上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(11QA1403000)

摘　　要：影响金枪鱼围网渔船捕获率的关键因子之一是目标鱼种的垂直行为规律,而鲣Katsuwonus pelamis作为金枪鱼围网最主要的渔获物,其垂直移动规律又与其摄食行为紧密相关。根据2004—2011年中国大陆金枪鱼围网渔船的生产数据和观察员测量的生物学数据,分析了一天中不同时段的投网频次分布、捕获率和渔获物的摄食状态,并探究了它们之间存在的相关关系。结果表明:黄昏(17:00—18:00)的投网次数最高,这可能是因为此时为鲣在一天中的摄食高峰期;捕获率随着时间的推移而升高,下午的捕获率平均水平显著高于上午,黄昏前达到顶峰,此时的高捕获率可能是因为水中的能见度下降,鱼群无法识别网具所致;在10:00—12:00和黄昏前(>16:00),鱼群的平均空胃率最低,其下午的平均胃饱满指数高于上午,这都与鲣的日摄食模式有关;相关分析表明,鱼群在不同时刻的摄食状态与对应的捕获率之间不具有统计学意义上的相关性(P>0.05),因此,鱼群被捕捞时的摄食状态并不影响渔船捕捞的成败。The vertical movement of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis involved in feeding behavior is one of the key factors influencing rate of fishing success( RFS) by tuna purse seine. The frequency distribution of shot settings with time period in a day,rate of fishing success,and feeding status of skipjack tuna were evaluated based on the fishery data collected from Chinese tuna purse seine fleet and the biological data by fishery observers during 2004-2011 to understand their correlation. The highest proportion of settings was observed before dusk( 17: 00-18: 00), which may be associated with daily peak of feeding for skipjack. The rate of fishing success was increased with the time elapsing,the significantly higher average RFS before noon than that after noon,and the peak average RFS before dusk,which is contributed to the fact that the fish schools cannot clearly detect the fishing gear due to low visibility before dusk. The skipjack tuna had the lowest average rate of emptying stomach just before noon( 10: 00-12: 00) and on dusk,and higher average stomach fullness after noon than that before noon,which are responsible for the daily feeding pattern. The correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between feeding status of the fish and RFS at each time period in a day,indicating that feeding status of the fish at capture is hard to affect the fishing success.

关 键 词：中西太平洋 金枪鱼围网 自由鱼群 鲣 捕获率 摄食状态 

分 类 号：S972.3[农业科学—捕捞与储运]