儿童在认知物体时区分看见的和知道的观点采择能力发展的实验研究  

An Experimental Study of the Development of Children's Perspective Taking Ability in Discrimination Between Seeing and Knowing

作　　者：王敏[1] 吕静[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州大学

出　　处：《心理科学通讯》1990年第6期8-13,65,共7页

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨儿童认知物体过程中是如何发展区分自己的心理意象与他人现实环境中获得的视觉信息的能力,即区分看见的和知道的观点采择能力。结果发现:(1)5岁儿童才基本具备观点采择能力。(2)不同年龄的儿童具有不同的观点采择水平模型和年龄特征。(3)在不同的信息种类条件下儿童上述的观点采择能力的发展是不同步的。(4)呈现不同的视觉信息也影响儿童上述的观点采择。(5)儿童在观点采择过程中产生错误主要是由于儿童不能把自身对客体的不确定信息的区分外推到他人身上去而造成的。The aim of this research is to study,during their representation of objects,howchildren develop the discrimination betweentheir inner mentality and the visual messagesobtained through other's outer reality,i.e.,understanding the difference between seeingand knowing,on the basis of the basicperspective taking ability.A supplementaryexperiment is designed to examine the rela-tionship between children's own congitiveability and their perspective taking ability.

关 键 词：能力发展 物体 皮亚杰 认知能力 年龄特征 观点采择能力 不同步 实验任务 特征性 儿童认知 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]