小学三年级优生与差生的有意注意警觉性  

The Voluntary Attentional Vigilance among Fast and Slow Learners in Primary Schools

作　　者：吕静[1] 周滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州大学

出　　处：《应用心理学》1989年第3期43-51,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：本研究是对小学生有意注意警觉性的实验研究之一,选定了一定数量的三年级优、差生做为被试,主要了解学生的学习成就和有意注意警觉性的关系以及某些因素对优、差生注意警党性的影响。实验结果表明,①小学三年级学生的学习成就同有意注意的警觉性存在着密切的关系。说明有意注意警觉性是鉴别优、差生的重要指标之一,②及时反馈和奖励是改善优、差生特别是差生的警觉性的有效方法,而且对于不同的刺激形式有一定的迁移作用。③优、差生有意注意警觉性随目标刺激在时间上的不确定性的增加而下降,但下降的趋势是有所不同的。This study is one of the experiments on voluntary attentional vigilance of primary school students,in which some fast learners and slow learners participated.The purpose of the study was to find out the relation between school performance of those students and their vigilance,and the influence of other factors that affected the vigilance.The results indicated that:(1) There was a close relation between the school performance and the vigilance of primary students.(p<0.01).Vigilance was an important index for discriminating fast learners from slow ones.(2)Feedback and reward were effective methods to promote vigilance of both fast and slow learners, especially the latter;(3)The vigilance of fast and slow learners was decreased as the increase of uncertainty of target over time,out the rates of decrease were different.

关 键 词：警觉性 目标刺激 差生 学习成就 三年级 优生 警觉反应 简单反应时 不确定性 显著差异 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]