关于短时记忆搜索时间的年龄差异及其与唤醒水平关系的实验研究  

AGE DIFFERENCE OF SEARCH TIME IN SHORT-TERM MENIORY AND THE RELATION BETWEEN SEARCH TIME AND AROUSAL LEVEL

作　　者：吴志平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所

出　　处：《心理学报》1988年第2期150-158,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：本研究对24名老年人(平均65岁)和24名青年人(平均24岁)进行短时记忆搜索实验,同时记录了休息及作业过程中被试的心率、指端血容和皮电的变化,以探讨搜索时间的年龄差异和唤醒水平之间的关系。结果表明,所有被试的搜索反应时均随搜索项目的增多而增加,老年被试的搜索反应时明显慢于青年被试。在作业条件下,老年被试的心率、血容与皮电的反应性明显低于青年被试,表现为唤醒水平较低和适应较快的倾向。在血容、皮电反应性与搜索反应时之间存在着显著相关,这表明老年人唤醒水平较低可能是其搜索反应较慢的原因之一,也可能二者均由某一共同的中枢因素的年老变化所引起。Twenty-four old-age subjects (mean age at 65) and 24 young subjec-ts (mean age at 24) were chosen to perform the short-term memory searchtask according to Sternberg's procedure. The heart rate (HR), finger pulsevolume (FPV), and electrodermal response (EDR) were recorded bothduring their performance on the search task and at the rest period.The results indicated that the search time of all subjects increased withthe searching items, and the aged showed significantly longer RT than theyoung subjects. In performing search tasks, the aged group showed gene-rally lower reactivity in HR, FPV, and EDR than the young group. Theseresults tended to support the hypothesis that the aged were underaro-usal rather than overarousal in performing cognitive tasks. There weresignificant correlations between the reactivity in autonomic nervous sys-tem (FPV and EDR) and the search time, which might be explained bytwo possibilities: (1) the longer search time among the aged was the re-sult of the lower arousal level; (2) both long search time and low arousallevel were caused by changes in the central nervous system of the agingpeople.

关 键 词：实验研究 自主神经系统 反应性 中枢神经系统 识记 唤醒水平 脑电信号 老年人 短时记忆 年龄差异 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]