3—6岁超常与常态儿童感知观察力的比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OBSERVATION ABILITY BETWEEN SUPERNORMAL AND NORMAL CHILDREN AT AGE 3—6

作　　者：张连云 

机构地区：[1]全国超常儿童研究协作组

出　　处：《心理学报》1987年第2期208-214,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：本实验是全国超常儿童研究协作组为鉴别超常儿童认知能力设计的一套实验之一。目的是探讨3—6岁常态儿童感知观察力在数量和质量两方面的水平与特点,为鉴别超常儿童的感知观察力取得参照指标。 实验是根据观察过程的特点进行设计的。实验的结果,经检验效度与信度较高,因此本实验对3—6岁儿童感知观察力的测量是有鉴别力的。 通过实验发现在3—6岁常态儿童之间观察能力的发展是不平衡的,3岁与4岁之间发展得快,在数量与质量两方面都比其它年龄阶段之间发展得幅度大。 通过超常儿童与常态儿童的比较研究,发现4岁超常儿童与常态儿童之间,在质量方面的差异比数量方面的差异更为显著。这一结果,对今后超常儿童研究工作的重点具有参考的价值。This report is based on the results of one of a series of expe-riments on the cognitive ability of supernormal children organized by anational joint research group for the study of such children. Ourpurpose is to explore quantitatively and qualitatively the levels andcharacteristics of the ovservation ability of normal children at age 3-6in order to establish an index to screen the supernormal children. The test was designed on the basis of children's characteristics. Theresults proved high validity and reliability of the test in screeningsupernormal children between the ages of 3 and 6. It was found that the development of the observation ability of 3to 6-year-old children was uneven. The development in the 3-year-oldgroup was faster than that in the other age groups in both quantityand quality. Through comparative study between normal and supernormalchildren, it was found that between the four-year-old groups ofsupernormal and normal children, the difference in quality was muchmore significant than that in quantity. The result is useful to furtherresearch on supernormal children.

关 键 词：常态儿童 年龄组 超常儿童 观察力 实验 协作组 感知 比较研究 年龄增长 百分比 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]