儿童对复合刺激物形成条件反射和分化的年龄特点  

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AGE IN THE FORMATION, UNDER COMPLEX STIMULI, OF CONDITIONED REFLEX AND DIFFERENTIATION IN CHILDREN

作　　者：季楚卿 

出　　处：《心理学报》1962年第1期9-17,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：分析-綜合活动,也就是高級神經活动能以区分复杂現象的組成成分,并把它們联合成为整体的特性,是大脑两半球活动的重要原則之一。众所周知,在通常情况下,外界环境是以多种多样的形式对有机体起作用的。根据巴甫洛夫学說,正是大脑两半球的分析-綜合活动保証了有机体对如此复杂的、变化多端的外界环境以最精确和最灵活的适应。 早在1906年,巴甫洛夫实驗室中的A.B.巴拉金、捷廖里、別里立玆維依格等人就开始用对复合刺激物形成条件反射的方法,来研究动物大脑皮层的分析-綜合活动。此后,伊万諾夫-斯莫稜斯基、撕基平、沃罗宁等人在这方面也作了許多工作。但这些工作还未能洞察出对复合刺激物形成暫时联系的接通机制,更不足以完全揭露人的大脑皮层的分析-綜合活动的特点。In this experimental study of conditioned reflex to simultaneous and successive complex stimuli, three age groups (9, 12, 15) of children were studied. The results show the age characteristics in the analytical synthetic activities of children’s higher central nervous system:1) In the process of formation of conditioned reflexes to the complex stimuli, it was found that the younger the child, the easier it reacted in motor reactions toward the presented single element of a complex stimulus (especially to the last element of successive complex stimuli). In other Words, the synthetic activities of these children are not fully developed.2) The formation of differential inhibition has an active influence on the synthetic activities of the cerebral cortex, and in the two older groups the active influence is clearer than that in the 9 year old age group, in which the process of inhibition is not so concentrated.3) The older the children, the more correctly they can react to the complex stimuli, as regards both motor reactions and their relationship in the second signal system.The formation of differentiation in active influence on the synthetic process is also reflected in the second signal system.

关 键 词：形成条件 年龄特点 复合刺激物 儿童 对复合 大脑两半球 脑皮层 外界环境 巴甫洛夫 有机体 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]