詞在兒童概括認識中的作用  

THE EFFECT OF WORDS IN CHILDREN'S GENERALIZED COGNITIONS

作　　者：张述祖[1] 詹龙澤 沈德立 

机构地区：[1]河北天津师范学院

出　　处：《心理学报》1957年第0期134-142,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：問題 伊凡諾夫-斯謨連斯基及共同事們以在随意运动的基础上建立条件反射的方法,証明当某种具体事物成为按压反应的条件刺激物之后,作为該事物的名称的詞,第一次施用即可引起同样反应;而当某詞成为按压反应的条件刺激物以后,屬于該詞所指的具体事物,也是第一次施用即可引起同样反应。克拉斯諾高尔斯基及共同事們以在無条件唾液反射的基础上建立条件反射的方法,也証明表述上下位概念的詞之間,8 school children took part in an experiment on the interaction of the first and the second signal systems. Ivanov-Smolensky’s method was used. The results shown that there were more transfer from the first to second signal system than from the second to the first. The amount of transfer from the second to the first system has no correlation with age and grade, and a rather negative correlation with school scores and records. The results were discussed with reference to the aim and method of teaching in elementary-schools.

关 键 词：条件反射 泛化 反应强度 刺激物 概括 分化 作用 帮助 具体事物 第二信号 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]