不同施肥条件下雷竹林水溶性有机碳氮的流失特征  

Losses of Water Soluble Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Soils Under Phyllostachys praecox Stands with Different Fertilization

作　　者：吴家森[1,2] 许开平[3] 叶晶[2] 姜培坤[2] 李永夫[2] 张金池[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300 [3]浙江省水利河口研究院,杭州310020

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第1期128-133,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15BO4-2)

摘　　要：通过建立径流场和土壤渗漏水收集装置,研究了不同施肥(常规施肥、减量施肥、微生物肥和不施肥)条件下雷竹林径流和渗漏水中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)和水溶性有机氮(WSON)的流失规律。结果表明:雷竹林地表径流(土壤渗滤)水量与降雨量之间呈极显著正相关(P【0.01),WSOC、WSON的流失以渗滤迁移为主,分别占流失总量的97%和94%左右。不同施肥雷竹林WSOC流失量的大小顺序表现为常规施肥(66.66 kg·hm-2)】微生物肥(63.66 kg·hm-2)】减量施肥(61.06 kg·hm-2)】不施肥(56.58 kg·hm-2),WSON的流失量则表现为常规施肥(37.48 kg·hm-2)】减量施肥(24.40 kg·hm-2)】微生物肥(21.41 kg·hm-2)】不施肥(17.38 kg·hm-2)。与常规施肥相比,微生物肥和氮肥减量40%的雷竹林地WSOC、WSON流失量分别减少4.5%、8.4%和42.9%、34.9%;不同施肥雷竹林地表径流、土壤渗滤中WSON流失量分别占总氮流失量的49.2%~52.7%和26.6%~35.9%。Soil water soluble organic matter(WSOM)was one of the major sources of pollution to waterways in the production region of Phyllostachy praecox stands where excessive chemical fertilizers and heavy winter mulch were applied.Losses of water soluble organic carbon(WSOC)and water soluble organic nitrogen(WSON)in Phyllostachys praecox stands with different fertilization treatments, including the control(CK, no fertilizer treatment), conventional fertilizer(CF), decreased inorganic fertilizer(DF), and microbial fertilizer(MF), were investigated using a field runoff and soil filtration collecting device in 2011.Amounts of soil surface runoff and water leakage were significantly correlated with rainfall(P<0.01). Losses of WSOC and WSON were mainly caused by leaching, which accounted for 97% and 94% of the total losses, respectively.During the experiment period, the loss of WSOC was in order of CF(66.66 kg·hm-2)>MF(63.66 kg·hm-2)>DF(61.06 kg·hm-2)>CK(56.58 kg·hm-2), and that of WSON was CF(37.48 kg·hm-2)>DF(24.40 kg·hm-2)>MF(21.41 kg·hm-2)>CK(17.38 kg·hm-2). Compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment, microbial fertilizer and 40% nitrogen reduction decreased WSOC loss by 4.5% and 8.4%, and WSON loss by 42.9% and 34.9%, respectively. Losses of WSON in the surface runoff and leachate accounted for 49.2%~52.7% and 26.6%~35.9% of total N loss, respectively.

关 键 词：水溶性有机碳 水溶性有机氮 流失 雷竹林 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]